Santa Clara: math · Schoolio

The shaded band is this county's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	85,677	2449.3	− 2436	13.3	× 21649 / 143193	2
4	85,679	2491.5	− 2485	6.5	× 21449 / 143193	1
5	85,681	2522.5	− 2528	−5.5	× 21280 / 143193	−0.8
6	85,683	2547.2	− 2552	−4.8	× 21113 / 143193	−0.7
7	85,685	2571.0	− 2567	4	× 20493 / 143193	0.6
8	85,687	2584.7	− 2586	−1.3	× 20064 / 143193	−0.2
11	85,689	2615.0	− 2628	−13	× 17145 / 143193	−1.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						0

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	79,499	2459.6	− 2436	23.6	× 20670 / 143174	3.4
4	79,500	2497.7	− 2485	12.7	× 21386 / 143174	1.9
5	79,503	2529.4	− 2528	1.4	× 21258 / 143174	0.2
6	79,504	2558.4	− 2552	6.4	× 20860 / 143174	0.9
7	79,506	2578.2	− 2567	11.2	× 20865 / 143174	1.6
8	79,509	2598.3	− 2586	12.3	× 20360 / 143174	1.7
11	79,511	2618.9	− 2628	−9.1	× 17775 / 143174	−1.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						9

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	81,680	2460.8	− 2436	24.8	× 20485 / 142683	3.6
4	81,682	2501.6	− 2485	16.6	× 20524 / 142683	2.4
5	81,683	2526.0	− 2528	−2	× 21168 / 142683	−0.3
6	81,686	2557.4	− 2552	5.4	× 20797 / 142683	0.8
7	81,687	2582.9	− 2567	15.9	× 20611 / 142683	2.3
8	81,690	2598.0	− 2586	12	× 20718 / 142683	1.7
11	81,692	2616.7	− 2628	−11.3	× 18380 / 142683	−1.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						9

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	81,866	2464.9	− 2436	28.9	× 19153 / 139653	4
4	81,869	2505.5	− 2485	20.5	× 20371 / 139653	3
5	81,870	2530.7	− 2528	2.7	× 20361 / 139653	0.4
6	81,873	2555.4	− 2552	3.4	× 20563 / 139653	0.5
7	81,874	2580.8	− 2567	13.8	× 20521 / 139653	2
8	81,877	2601.8	− 2586	15.8	× 20466 / 139653	2.3
11	81,878	2615.0	− 2628	−13	× 18218 / 139653	−1.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						10

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	82,491	2466.2	− 2436	30.2	× 19139 / 137056	4.2
4	82,492	2506.3	− 2485	21.3	× 18931 / 137056	2.9
5	82,493	2535.5	− 2528	7.5	× 20136 / 137056	1.1
6	82,494	2557.0	− 2552	5	× 19809 / 137056	0.7
7	82,495	2578.5	− 2567	11.5	× 20302 / 137056	1.7
8	82,496	2599.2	− 2586	13.2	× 20358 / 137056	2
11	82,497	2624.6	− 2628	−3.4	× 18381 / 137056	−0.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						12

2021 from sb_ca2021_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	80,787	2473.5	− 2436	37.5	× 4766 / 41945	4.3
4	80,788	2513.7	− 2485	28.7	× 4957 / 41945	3.4
5	80,789	2540.8	− 2528	12.8	× 5546 / 41945	1.7
6	80,790	2573.4	− 2552	21.4	× 5425 / 41945	2.8
7	80,791	2607.8	− 2567	40.8	× 5804 / 41945	5.6
8	80,792	2628.1	− 2586	42.1	× 5681 / 41945	5.7
11	80,793	2653.7	− 2628	25.7	× 9766 / 41945	6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						29

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	82,674	2455.0	− 2436	19	× 16926 / 121532	2.6
4	82,675	2494.3	− 2485	9.3	× 17246 / 121532	1.3
5	82,676	2520.4	− 2528	−7.6	× 17329 / 121532	−1.1
6	82,677	2544.4	− 2552	−7.6	× 17130 / 121532	−1.1
7	82,678	2565.5	− 2567	−1.5	× 16965 / 121532	−0.2
8	82,679	2580.2	− 2586	−5.8	× 18292 / 121532	−0.9
11	82,680	2615.2	− 2628	−12.8	× 17644 / 121532	−1.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−1

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	82,648	2453.9	− 2436	17.9	× 16590 / 120218	2.5
4	82,649	2498.6	− 2485	13.6	× 16993 / 120218	1.9
5	82,650	2523.2	− 2528	−4.8	× 17435 / 120218	−0.7
6	82,651	2543.9	− 2552	−8.1	× 16981 / 120218	−1.1
7	82,652	2567.1	− 2567	0.1	× 17090 / 120218	0
8	82,653	2578.3	− 2586	−7.7	× 17077 / 120218	−1.1
11	82,654	2608.7	− 2628	−19.3	× 18052 / 120218	−2.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−1

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	82,658	2455.6	− 2436	19.6	× 16448 / 119250	2.7
4	82,659	2498.7	− 2485	13.7	× 16811 / 119250	1.9
5	82,660	2523.7	− 2528	−4.3	× 17076 / 119250	−0.6
6	82,661	2546.8	− 2552	−5.2	× 17058 / 119250	−0.7
7	82,662	2568.4	− 2567	1.4	× 16947 / 119250	0.2
8	82,663	2585.8	− 2586	−0.2	× 17103 / 119250	0
11	82,664	2610.1	− 2628	−17.9	× 17807 / 119250	−2.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						1

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	82,336	2456.6	− 2436	20.6	× 16132 / 117896	2.8
4	82,337	2501.1	− 2485	16.1	× 16472 / 117896	2.2
5	82,338	2526.8	− 2528	−1.2	× 16792 / 117896	−0.2
6	82,339	2551.8	− 2552	−0.2	× 16747 / 117896	0
7	82,340	2575.5	− 2567	8.5	× 16993 / 117896	1.2
8	82,341	2592.0	− 2586	6	× 16955 / 117896	0.9
11	82,342	2613.9	− 2628	−14.1	× 17805 / 117896	−2.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						5

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. 0, 9, 9, 10, 12, 29, −1, −1, 1, 5 → 7.3
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 9 · 2016→2017: 0 · 2017→2018: 1 · 2018→2019: 2 · 2019→2021: 17 · 2021→2022: 30 · 2022→2023: 0 · 2023→2024: 2 · 2024→2025: 4 → average 7.2
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 7.2 × 2.66 = 19.2. Upper limit 26.5, lower limit −11.9.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals — for a county, the total across its schools. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.