Science · District
San Diego Unified
Look at a few charts and you'll see the same thing: very little change. Each chart shows what the school system "wants", the results it is built to produce, plus the effects of circumstances from outside the school, like COVID and family income.
As long as the school system stays the same, there's no reason to expect results to rise above the upper limit, the top edge of the shaded band.
Once a school uses the Lead Out Method, that is what we expect to see: results climbing above the upper limit. It's the sign that the system now "wants" something different. What you want.
Each dot is one year. It shows how far the typical student's score was from the state's "meets standard" mark. Zero means right on it. Above zero is above standard; below zero is below.
Every school's results bounce around a little from year to year. A different group of students, a flu season, a new teacher: small things push the number up or down. That bounce is normal, and it doesn't mean anything has really changed.
The shaded band marks how far the bounce normally goes. We work it out from the school's own history: how much its result typically moves from one year to the next.
The small numbers under each year are how many students took the test. In a small school a few students make a big difference, so its dots bounce further and its band is wider.
- A dot inside the band is ordinary bounce. The school is doing what it has always done.
- A dot outside the band is a real signal. Something changed, for better or worse, and it's worth asking what.
A flat band with the dots inside it means the system is stable. It will keep producing about the same results year after year, however hard everyone works. Teachers aren't the reason the dots stay put. The way the school is organized is. Changing that is what moves the dots.
The little house in each year shows the share of students eligible for free or reduced-price school meals, a rough measure of family income. It sits on the same scale as the results: 0% at the top of the chart, 100% at the bottom. The fewer families with low incomes, the higher the house. Income moves results too, and it comes from outside the school.
Step 1 · Each year's result
For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.
2019 from cast_ca2019_1_csv_v1.zip
| Grade | Line in file | Average score | Standard Met | Distance | Students | Weighted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 19,756 | 205.4 | − 214 | −8.6 | × 7841 / 25160 | −2.7 |
| 8 | 19,757 | 403.8 | − 415 | −11.2 | × 6712 / 25160 | −3 |
| 11 | 19,759 | 603.2 | − 615 | −11.8 | × 5443 / 25160 | −2.6 |
| 12 | 19,760 | 598.8 | − 615 | −16.2 | × 5164 / 25160 | −3.3 |
| Sum, rounded to a whole point | −12 | |||||
2022 from cast_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip
| Grade | Line in file | Average score | Standard Met | Distance | Students | Weighted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 24,565 | 205.4 | − 214 | −8.6 | × 7182 / 23563 | −2.6 |
| 8 | 24,566 | 404.0 | − 415 | −11 | × 6236 / 23563 | −2.9 |
| 10 | 24,567 | 593.9 | − 615 | −21.1 | × 41 / 23563 | 0 |
| 11 | 24,568 | 604.6 | − 615 | −10.4 | × 5047 / 23563 | −2.2 |
| 12 | 24,569 | 601.6 | − 615 | −13.4 | × 5057 / 23563 | −2.9 |
| Sum, rounded to a whole point | −11 | |||||
2023 from cast_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip
| Grade | Line in file | Average score | Standard Met | Distance | Students | Weighted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 24,609 | 205.6 | − 214 | −8.4 | × 7041 / 19248 | −3.1 |
| 8 | 24,610 | 403.3 | − 415 | −11.7 | × 5769 / 19248 | −3.5 |
| 11 | 24,611 | 606.9 | − 615 | −8.1 | × 5595 / 19248 | −2.4 |
| 12 | 24,612 | 599.9 | − 615 | −15.1 | × 843 / 19248 | −0.7 |
| Sum, rounded to a whole point | −10 | |||||
2024 from cast_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip
| Grade | Line in file | Average score | Standard Met | Distance | Students | Weighted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 24,661 | 205.2 | − 214 | −8.8 | × 7149 / 18956 | −3.3 |
| 8 | 24,662 | 403.9 | − 415 | −11.1 | × 5829 / 18956 | −3.4 |
| 11 | 24,664 | 605.4 | − 615 | −9.6 | × 5599 / 18956 | −2.8 |
| 12 | 24,665 | 594.3 | − 615 | −20.7 | × 379 / 18956 | −0.4 |
| Sum, rounded to a whole point | −10 | |||||
2025 from cast_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip
| Grade | Line in file | Average score | Standard Met | Distance | Students | Weighted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 24,612 | 206.6 | − 214 | −7.4 | × 6971 / 19518 | −2.6 |
| 8 | 24,613 | 405.7 | − 415 | −9.3 | × 5965 / 19518 | −2.8 |
| 11 | 24,615 | 607.5 | − 615 | −7.5 | × 6173 / 19518 | −2.4 |
| 12 | 24,616 | 595.1 | − 615 | −19.9 | × 409 / 19518 | −0.4 |
| Sum, rounded to a whole point | −8 | |||||
Step 2 · The average and the normal range
- Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −12, −11, −10, −10, −8 → −10.2
- Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2019→2022: 1 · 2022→2023: 1 · 2023→2024: 0 · 2024→2025: 2 → average 1
- Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 1 × 2.66 = 2.7. Upper limit −7.5, lower limit −12.9.
Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".
Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.
Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals
The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals — for a district, the total across its schools. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.
Schools in San Diego Unified
- Adams Elementary
- Alba
- Albert Einstein Academy Charter Elementary Charter
- Albert Einstein Academy Charter Middle Charter
- Alcott Elementary
- America's Finest Charter Charter
- Angier Elementary
- Audeo Charter Charter
- Audubon K-8
- Baker Elementary
- Balboa Elementary
- Barnard Elementary
- Bay Park Elementary
- Bell Middle
- Benchley/Weinberger Elementary
- Bethune K-8
- Bird Rock Elementary
- Birney Elementary
- Boone Elementary
- Burbank Elementary
- Cadman Elementary
- Carson Elementary
- Carver Elementary
- Central Elementary
- Challenger Middle
- Charter School Of San Diego Charter
- Chavez Elementary
- Cherokee Point Elementary
- Chesterton Elementary
- Chollas/Mead Elementary
- City Heights Preparatory Charter Charter
- Clairemont High
- Clark Middle
- Clay Elementary
- Correia Middle
- Crawford High
- Creative, Performing, And Media Arts
- Crown Point Elementary
- Cubberley Elementary
- Curie Elementary
- Dailard Elementary
- Dana
- Darnall Charter Charter
- De Portola Middle
- Dingeman Elementary
- Doyle Elementary
- E3 Civic High Charter
- East Village High
- Edison Elementary
- Elevate Elementary Charter
- Emerson/Bandini Elementary
- Empower Charter Charter
- Encanto Elementary
- Ericson Elementary
- Euclid Elementary
- Farb Middle
- Fay Elementary
- Field Elementary
- Fletcher Elementary
- Florence Elementary
- Foster Elementary
- Franklin Elementary
- Freese Elementary
- Fulton K-8
- Gage Elementary
- Garfield Elementary
- Garfield High
- Golden Hill K-8
- Gompers Preparatory Academy Charter
- Grant K-8
- Green Elementary
- Hage Elementary
- Hamilton Elementary
- Hancock Elementary
- Hardy Elementary
- Harriet Tubman Village Charter Charter
- Hawthorne Elementary
- Health Sciences High Charter
- Health Sciences Middle Charter
- Hearst Elementary
- Henry High
- Hickman Elementary
- High Tech Elementary Charter
- High Tech Elementary Explorer Charter
- High Tech High Charter
- High Tech High International Charter
- High Tech High Media Arts Charter
- High Tech Middle Charter
- High Tech Middle Media Arts Charter
- Holly Drive Leadership Academy Charter
- Holmes Elementary
- Hoover High
- Horton Elementary
- Ibarra Elementary
- Iftin Charter Charter
- Ihigh Virtual Academy
- Ingenuity Charter Charter
- Innovation Middle
- Innovations Academy Charter
- Jefferson Elementary
- Jerabek Elementary
- John Muir
- Johnson Elementary
- Jonas Salk Elementary
- Jones Elementary
- Joyner Elementary
- Juarez Elementary
- Kavod Elementary Charter Charter
- Kearny College Connections
- Kearny Digital Media & Design
- Kearny Eng, Innov & Design
- Kearny Sct
- Keiller Leadership Academy Charter
- Kimbrough Elementary
- King-Chavez Academy Of Excellence Charter
- King-Chavez Arts Academy Charter
- King-Chavez Athletics Academy Charter
- King-Chavez Community High Charter
- King-Chavez Preparatory Academy Charter
- Kipp Adelante Preparatory Academy Charter
- Knox Middle
- Kumeyaay Elementary
- Lafayette Elementary
- La Jolla Elementary
- La Jolla High
- Language Academy
- Learning Choice Academy Charter
- Lewis Middle
- Lincoln High
- Linda Vista Elementary
- Lindbergh/Schweitzer Elementary
- Logan K-8
- Logan Memorial Educational Campus
- Longfellow K-8
- Madison High
- Magnolia Science Academy San Diego Charter
- Mann Middle
- Marshall Elementary
- Marshall Middle
- Marston Middle
- Marvin Elementary
- Mason Elementary
- Mcgill School Of Success Charter
- Mckinley Elementary
- Memorial Scholars & Athletes
- Millennial Tech Middle
- Miller Elementary
- Miramar Ranch Elementary
- Mira Mesa High
- Mission Bay High
- Montgomery Middle
- Morse High
- Mountain View
- Mt. Everest Academy
- Muirlands Middle
- Museum Charter
- Normal Heights Elementary
- Nye Elementary
- Oak Park Elementary
- Old Town Academy K-8 Charter Charter
- Pacific Beach Elementary
- Pacific Beach Middle
- Pacific View Leadership Elementary
- Paradise Hills Elementary
- Penn Elementary
- Perkins K-8
- Perry Elementary
- Pershing Middle
- Point Loma High
- Porter Elementary
- Preuss School Ucsd Charter
- Riley/New Dawn
- Rodriguez Elementary
- Rolando Park Elementary
- Roosevelt International Middle
- Rosa Parks Elementary
- Ross Elementary
- Rowan Elementary
- Sandburg Elementary
- San Diego Business/Leadership
- San Diego Cooperative Charter Charter
- San Diego International Studies
- San Diego Metro Career And Tech
- San Diego Science And Technology
- San Diego Scpa
- San Diego Unified District Level Program
- School For Entrepreneurship And Technology Charter
- Scripps Elementary
- Scripps Ranch High
- Sd Global Vision Academy Charter
- Sequoia Elementary
- Serra High
- Sessions Elementary
- Sherman Elementary
- Spreckels Elementary
- Standley Middle
- Suncoast STEAM Academy Charter
- Taft Middle
- The O'farrell Charter Charter
- Tierrasanta Elementary
- Toler Elementary
- Torrey Pines Elementary
- Twain High
- University City High
- Urban Discovery Academy Charter Charter
- Valencia Park Elementary
- Vista Grande Elementary
- Walker Elementary
- Wangenheim Middle
- Washington Elementary
- Webster Elementary
- Wegeforth Elementary
- Whitman Elementary
- Wilson Middle
- Zamorano Elementary