Elkhorn Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	46,510	2365.4	− 2436	−70.6	× 78 / 352	−15.6
4	46,511	2402.4	− 2485	−82.6	× 84 / 352	−19.7
5	46,514	2441.4	− 2528	−86.6	× 92 / 352	−22.6
6	46,515	2478.4	− 2552	−73.6	× 98 / 352	−20.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−78

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	43,221	2403.1	− 2436	−32.9	× 87 / 347	−8.2
4	43,224	2404.9	− 2485	−80.1	× 84 / 347	−19.4
5	43,226	2459.6	− 2528	−68.4	× 85 / 347	−16.8
6	43,228	2473.9	− 2552	−78.1	× 91 / 347	−20.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−65

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	44,284	2396.5	− 2436	−39.5	× 99 / 349	−11.2
4	44,286	2410.6	− 2485	−74.4	× 89 / 349	−19
5	44,288	2444.5	− 2528	−83.5	× 77 / 349	−18.4
6	44,290	2462.1	− 2552	−89.9	× 84 / 349	−21.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−70

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	44,308	2398.2	− 2436	−37.8	× 97 / 357	−10.3
4	44,309	2423.5	− 2485	−61.5	× 96 / 357	−16.5
5	44,312	2473.3	− 2528	−54.7	× 86 / 357	−13.2
6	44,313	2466.8	− 2552	−85.2	× 78 / 357	−18.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−59

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	44,439	2391.9	− 2436	−44.1	× 89 / 366	−10.7
4	44,440	2420.0	− 2485	−65	× 95 / 366	−16.9
5	44,441	2474.2	− 2528	−53.8	× 94 / 366	−13.8
6	44,442	2480.7	− 2552	−71.3	× 88 / 366	−17.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−59

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	44,197	2376.0	− 2436	−60	× 69 / 324	−12.8
4	44,198	2385.9	− 2485	−99.1	× 84 / 324	−25.7
5	44,199	2431.9	− 2528	−96.1	× 87 / 324	−25.8
6	44,200	2429.7	− 2552	−122.3	× 84 / 324	−31.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−96

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	44,185	2381.1	− 2436	−54.9	× 62 / 302	−11.3
4	44,186	2400.9	− 2485	−84.1	× 76 / 302	−21.2
5	44,187	2433.5	− 2528	−94.5	× 82 / 302	−25.7
6	44,188	2412.9	− 2552	−139.1	× 82 / 302	−37.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−96

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	44,011	2376.7	− 2436	−59.3	× 70 / 279	−14.9
4	44,012	2434.5	− 2485	−50.5	× 63 / 279	−11.4
5	44,013	2434.0	− 2528	−94	× 73 / 279	−24.6
6	44,014	2406.2	− 2552	−145.8	× 73 / 279	−38.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−89

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	43,752	2369.3	− 2436	−66.7	× 73 / 275	−17.7
4	43,753	2415.7	− 2485	−69.3	× 67 / 275	−16.9
5	43,754	2442.2	− 2528	−85.8	× 66 / 275	−20.6
6	43,755	2440.7	− 2552	−111.3	× 69 / 275	−27.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−83

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −78, −65, −70, −59, −59, −96, −96, −89, −83 → −77.2
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 13 · 2016→2017: 5 · 2017→2018: 11 · 2018→2019: 0 · 2019→2022: 37 · 2022→2023: 0 · 2023→2024: 7 · 2024→2025: 6 → average 9.9
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 9.9 × 2.66 = 26.3. Upper limit −50.9, lower limit −103.5.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.