Russell Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	31,882	2376.2	− 2436	−59.8	× 139 / 523	−15.9
4	31,883	2431.5	− 2485	−53.5	× 126 / 523	−12.9
5	31,886	2450.1	− 2528	−77.9	× 118 / 523	−17.6
6	31,887	2450.8	− 2552	−101.2	× 140 / 523	−27.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−73

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,097	2377.6	− 2436	−58.4	× 132 / 515	−15
4	30,099	2442.9	− 2485	−42.1	× 139 / 515	−11.4
5	30,102	2457.0	− 2528	−71	× 130 / 515	−17.9
6	30,103	2472.4	− 2552	−79.6	× 114 / 515	−17.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−62

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,663	2382.0	− 2436	−54	× 137 / 513	−14.4
4	30,665	2414.3	− 2485	−70.7	× 134 / 513	−18.5
5	30,666	2466.2	− 2528	−61.8	× 128 / 513	−15.4
6	30,668	2460.8	− 2552	−91.2	× 114 / 513	−20.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−69

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,711	2404.9	− 2436	−31.1	× 116 / 482	−7.5
4	30,714	2434.2	− 2485	−50.8	× 129 / 482	−13.6
5	30,715	2426.4	− 2528	−101.6	× 127 / 482	−26.8
6	30,718	2498.5	− 2552	−53.5	× 110 / 482	−12.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−60

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,888	2405.8	− 2436	−30.2	× 115 / 446	−7.8
4	30,889	2479.7	− 2485	−5.3	× 105 / 446	−1.2
5	30,890	2455.5	− 2528	−72.5	× 118 / 446	−19.2
6	30,891	2472.8	− 2552	−79.2	× 108 / 446	−19.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−47

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,915	2396.7	− 2436	−39.3	× 96 / 381	−9.9
4	30,916	2440.4	− 2485	−44.6	× 99 / 381	−11.6
5	30,917	2471.4	− 2528	−56.6	× 97 / 381	−14.4
6	30,918	2486.6	− 2552	−65.4	× 89 / 381	−15.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−51

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,972	2388.1	− 2436	−47.9	× 103 / 392	−12.6
4	30,973	2479.0	− 2485	−6	× 101 / 392	−1.5
5	30,974	2440.4	− 2528	−87.6	× 97 / 392	−21.7
6	30,975	2505.6	− 2552	−46.4	× 91 / 392	−10.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−47

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,838	2386.5	− 2436	−49.5	× 98 / 402	−12.1
4	30,839	2423.5	− 2485	−61.5	× 111 / 402	−17
5	30,840	2466.5	− 2528	−61.5	× 108 / 402	−16.5
6	30,841	2507.1	− 2552	−44.9	× 85 / 402	−9.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−55

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,697	2390.8	− 2436	−45.2	× 98 / 403	−11
4	30,698	2426.4	− 2485	−58.6	× 99 / 403	−14.4
5	30,699	2451.7	− 2528	−76.3	× 104 / 403	−19.7
6	30,700	2517.0	− 2552	−35	× 102 / 403	−8.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−54

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −73, −62, −69, −60, −47, −51, −47, −55, −54 → −57.6
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 11 · 2016→2017: 7 · 2017→2018: 9 · 2018→2019: 13 · 2019→2022: 4 · 2022→2023: 4 · 2023→2024: 8 · 2024→2025: 1 → average 7.1
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 7.1 × 2.66 = 18.9. Upper limit −38.7, lower limit −76.5.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.