Russell Elementary: english

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	31,881	2366.4	− 2432	−65.6	× 139 / 521	−17.5
4	31,884	2403.5	− 2473	−69.5	× 126 / 521	−16.8
5	31,885	2451.4	− 2502	−50.6	× 118 / 521	−11.5
6	31,888	2455.6	− 2531	−75.4	× 138 / 521	−20
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−66

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,098	2372.3	− 2432	−59.7	× 132 / 513	−15.4
4	30,100	2429.2	− 2473	−43.8	× 138 / 513	−11.8
5	30,101	2456.5	− 2502	−45.5	× 129 / 513	−11.4
6	30,104	2483.8	− 2531	−47.2	× 114 / 513	−10.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−49

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,662	2375.5	− 2432	−56.5	× 137 / 511	−15.1
4	30,664	2402.4	− 2473	−70.6	× 134 / 511	−18.5
5	30,667	2454.9	− 2502	−47.1	× 126 / 511	−11.6
6	30,669	2458.0	− 2531	−73	× 114 / 511	−16.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−62

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,712	2396.7	− 2432	−35.3	× 115 / 482	−8.4
4	30,713	2420.4	− 2473	−52.6	× 130 / 482	−14.2
5	30,716	2410.4	− 2502	−91.6	× 127 / 482	−24.1
6	30,717	2473.5	− 2531	−57.5	× 110 / 482	−13.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−60

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,883	2398.3	− 2432	−33.7	× 115 / 443	−8.7
4	30,884	2445.5	− 2473	−27.5	× 104 / 443	−6.5
5	30,885	2455.5	− 2502	−46.5	× 118 / 443	−12.4
6	30,886	2461.5	− 2531	−69.5	× 106 / 443	−16.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−44

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,910	2389.3	− 2432	−42.7	× 97 / 378	−11
4	30,911	2438.7	− 2473	−34.3	× 97 / 378	−8.8
5	30,912	2487.9	− 2502	−14.1	× 96 / 378	−3.6
6	30,913	2492.3	− 2531	−38.7	× 88 / 378	−9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−32

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,967	2375.1	− 2432	−56.9	× 102 / 391	−14.8
4	30,968	2438.1	− 2473	−34.9	× 101 / 391	−9
5	30,969	2423.9	− 2502	−78.1	× 97 / 391	−19.4
6	30,970	2492.2	− 2531	−38.8	× 91 / 391	−9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−52

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,833	2384.7	− 2432	−47.3	× 95 / 386	−11.6
4	30,834	2429.0	− 2473	−44	× 106 / 386	−12.1
5	30,835	2452.8	− 2502	−49.2	× 103 / 386	−13.1
6	30,836	2464.7	− 2531	−66.3	× 82 / 386	−14.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−51

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	30,692	2388.3	− 2432	−43.7	× 98 / 403	−10.6
4	30,693	2422.4	− 2473	−50.6	× 99 / 403	−12.4
5	30,694	2450.8	− 2502	−51.2	× 104 / 403	−13.2
6	30,695	2497.2	− 2531	−33.8	× 102 / 403	−8.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−45

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −66, −49, −62, −60, −44, −32, −52, −51, −45 → −51.2
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 17 · 2016→2017: 13 · 2017→2018: 2 · 2018→2019: 16 · 2019→2022: 12 · 2022→2023: 20 · 2023→2024: 1 · 2024→2025: 6 → average 10.9
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 10.9 × 2.66 = 29. Upper limit −22.2, lower limit −80.2.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.