Sing Lum Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	16,442	2420.7	− 2436	−15.3	× 108 / 400	−4.1
4	16,443	2455.7	− 2485	−29.3	× 89 / 400	−6.5
5	16,446	2471.1	− 2528	−56.9	× 93 / 400	−13.2
6	16,447	2517.0	− 2552	−35	× 110 / 400	−9.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−34

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,463	2422.0	− 2436	−14	× 91 / 405	−3.1
4	15,464	2456.7	− 2485	−28.3	× 111 / 405	−7.8
5	15,466	2455.0	− 2528	−73	× 106 / 405	−19.1
6	15,468	2540.1	− 2552	−11.9	× 97 / 405	−2.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−33

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,783	2397.7	− 2436	−38.3	× 106 / 412	−9.9
4	15,785	2456.7	− 2485	−28.3	× 92 / 412	−6.3
5	15,788	2472.6	− 2528	−55.4	× 119 / 412	−16
6	15,790	2526.5	− 2552	−25.5	× 95 / 412	−5.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−38

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,801	2444.3	− 2436	8.3	× 90 / 407	1.8
4	15,802	2447.7	− 2485	−37.3	× 97 / 407	−8.9
5	15,805	2465.6	− 2528	−62.4	× 107 / 407	−16.4
6	15,806	2525.2	− 2552	−26.8	× 113 / 407	−7.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−31

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,931	2427.5	− 2436	−8.5	× 88 / 402	−1.9
4	15,932	2459.4	− 2485	−25.6	× 95 / 402	−6
5	15,933	2460.2	− 2528	−67.8	× 110 / 402	−18.6
6	15,934	2525.5	− 2552	−26.5	× 109 / 402	−7.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−34

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,957	2403.1	− 2436	−32.9	× 109 / 449	−8
4	15,958	2430.5	− 2485	−54.5	× 118 / 449	−14.3
5	15,959	2435.5	− 2528	−92.5	× 118 / 449	−24.3
6	15,960	2486.2	− 2552	−65.8	× 104 / 449	−15.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−62

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,905	2396.6	− 2436	−39.4	× 103 / 455	−8.9
4	15,906	2435.8	− 2485	−49.2	× 118 / 455	−12.8
5	15,907	2435.7	− 2528	−92.3	× 116 / 455	−23.5
6	15,908	2483.6	− 2552	−68.4	× 118 / 455	−17.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−63

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,854	2409.1	− 2436	−26.9	× 97 / 457	−5.7
4	15,855	2439.8	− 2485	−45.2	× 115 / 457	−11.4
5	15,856	2437.7	− 2528	−90.3	× 123 / 457	−24.3
6	15,857	2473.3	− 2552	−78.7	× 122 / 457	−21
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−62

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,845	2398.2	− 2436	−37.8	× 104 / 450	−8.7
4	15,846	2443.9	− 2485	−41.1	× 107 / 450	−9.8
5	15,847	2460.2	− 2528	−67.8	× 114 / 450	−17.2
6	15,848	2495.5	− 2552	−56.5	× 125 / 450	−15.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−51

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −34, −33, −38, −31, −34, −62, −63, −62, −51 → −45.3
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 1 · 2016→2017: 5 · 2017→2018: 7 · 2018→2019: 3 · 2019→2022: 28 · 2022→2023: 1 · 2023→2024: 1 · 2024→2025: 11 → average 7.1
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 7.1 × 2.66 = 18.9. Upper limit −26.4, lower limit −64.2.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.