Potter Valley Elementary: english

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	43,684	2384.7	− 2432	−47.3	× 18 / 60	−14.2
4	43,685	2468.4	− 2473	−4.6	× 17 / 60	−1.3
5	43,688	2477.8	− 2502	−24.2	× 14 / 60	−5.6
6	43,689	2459.7	− 2531	−71.3	× 11 / 60	−13.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−34

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	40,381	2392.9	− 2432	−39.1	× 23 / 81	−11.1
4	40,383	2422.4	− 2473	−50.6	× 20 / 81	−12.5
5	40,386	2537.0	− 2502	35	× 22 / 81	9.5
6	40,387	2458.8	− 2531	−72.2	× 16 / 81	−14.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−28

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	41,392	2362.9	− 2432	−69.1	× 20 / 86	−16.1
4	41,395	2425.5	− 2473	−47.5	× 26 / 86	−14.4
5	41,397	2447.4	− 2502	−54.6	× 20 / 86	−12.7
6	41,399	2532.9	− 2531	1.9	× 20 / 86	0.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−43

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	41,421	2409.6	− 2432	−22.4	× 24 / 90	−6
4	41,424	2431.5	− 2473	−41.5	× 25 / 90	−11.5
5	41,425	2466.9	− 2502	−35.1	× 22 / 90	−8.6
6	41,428	2479.2	− 2531	−51.8	× 19 / 90	−10.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−37

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	41,561	2376.9	− 2432	−55.1	× 24 / 100	−13.2
4	41,562	2466.3	− 2473	−6.7	× 27 / 100	−1.8
5	41,563	2504.1	− 2502	2.1	× 20 / 100	0.4
6	41,564	2523.8	− 2531	−7.2	× 29 / 100	−2.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−17

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	41,318	2402.8	− 2432	−29.2	× 19 / 76	−7.3
4	41,319	2414.1	− 2473	−58.9	× 20 / 76	−15.5
5	41,320	2519.4	− 2502	17.4	× 17 / 76	3.9
6	41,321	2501.6	− 2531	−29.4	× 20 / 76	−7.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−27

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	41,349	2398.9	− 2432	−33.1	× 30 / 87	−11.4
4	41,350	2444.1	− 2473	−28.9	× 18 / 87	−6
5	41,351	2426.8	− 2502	−75.2	× 22 / 87	−19
6	41,352	2511.4	− 2531	−19.6	× 17 / 87	−3.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−40

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	41,166	2347.4	− 2432	−84.6	× 14 / 81	−14.6
4	41,167	2459.1	− 2473	−13.9	× 27 / 81	−4.6
5	41,168	2480.5	− 2502	−21.5	× 19 / 81	−5
6	41,169	2480.8	− 2531	−50.2	× 21 / 81	−13
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−37

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	40,931	2373.1	− 2432	−58.9	× 18 / 77	−13.8
4	40,932	2400.5	− 2473	−72.5	× 15 / 77	−14.1
5	40,933	2483.2	− 2502	−18.8	× 26 / 77	−6.3
6	40,934	2498.8	− 2531	−32.2	× 18 / 77	−7.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−42

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −34, −28, −43, −37, −17, −27, −40, −37, −42 → −33.9
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 6 · 2016→2017: 15 · 2017→2018: 6 · 2018→2019: 20 · 2019→2022: 10 · 2022→2023: 13 · 2023→2024: 3 · 2024→2025: 5 → average 9.8
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 9.8 × 2.66 = 26.1. Upper limit −7.8, lower limit −60.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.