Mark Twain Union Elementary: english

The shaded band is this district's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,458	2425.2	− 2432	−6.8	× 91 / 519	−1.2
4	5,459	2471.0	− 2473	−2	× 94 / 519	−0.4
5	5,462	2499.8	− 2502	−2.2	× 77 / 519	−0.3
6	5,463	2489.3	− 2531	−41.7	× 84 / 519	−6.7
7	5,466	2541.5	− 2552	−10.5	× 78 / 519	−1.6
8	5,467	2548.4	− 2567	−18.6	× 95 / 519	−3.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−14

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	4,924	2414.1	− 2432	−17.9	× 97 / 540	−3.2
4	4,926	2453.1	− 2473	−19.9	× 97 / 540	−3.6
5	4,929	2485.4	− 2502	−16.6	× 95 / 540	−2.9
6	4,930	2528.2	− 2531	−2.8	× 77 / 540	−0.4
7	4,933	2536.1	− 2552	−15.9	× 85 / 540	−2.5
8	4,934	2562.4	− 2567	−4.6	× 89 / 540	−0.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−13

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,019	2425.3	− 2432	−6.7	× 86 / 527	−1.1
4	5,021	2452.7	− 2473	−20.3	× 94 / 527	−3.6
5	5,023	2468.3	− 2502	−33.7	× 90 / 527	−5.8
6	5,025	2515.7	− 2531	−15.3	× 98 / 527	−2.8
7	5,027	2545.9	− 2552	−6.1	× 79 / 527	−0.9
8	5,028	2530.1	− 2567	−36.9	× 80 / 527	−5.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−20

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,007	2405.6	− 2432	−26.4	× 73 / 501	−3.8
4	5,008	2462.6	− 2473	−10.4	× 85 / 501	−1.8
5	5,011	2475.6	− 2502	−26.4	× 84 / 501	−4.4
6	5,012	2485.7	− 2531	−45.3	× 87 / 501	−7.9
7	5,015	2539.9	− 2552	−12.1	× 95 / 501	−2.3
8	5,016	2525.6	− 2567	−41.4	× 77 / 501	−6.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−27

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,032	2406.2	− 2432	−25.8	× 75 / 475	−4.1
4	5,033	2457.7	− 2473	−15.3	× 70 / 475	−2.3
5	5,034	2482.4	− 2502	−19.6	× 86 / 475	−3.5
6	5,035	2480.1	− 2531	−50.9	× 87 / 475	−9.3
7	5,036	2512.3	− 2552	−39.7	× 78 / 475	−6.5
8	5,037	2573.0	− 2567	6	× 79 / 475	1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−25

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	4,873	2383.3	− 2432	−48.7	× 69 / 430	−7.8
4	4,874	2412.5	− 2473	−60.5	× 75 / 430	−10.6
5	4,875	2489.0	− 2502	−13	× 86 / 430	−2.6
6	4,876	2498.1	− 2531	−32.9	× 71 / 430	−5.4
7	4,877	2511.4	− 2552	−40.6	× 71 / 430	−6.7
8	4,878	2556.4	− 2567	−10.6	× 58 / 430	−1.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−35

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	4,857	2368.1	− 2432	−63.9	× 76 / 452	−10.7
4	4,858	2397.3	− 2473	−75.7	× 75 / 452	−12.6
5	4,859	2417.6	− 2502	−84.4	× 77 / 452	−14.4
6	4,860	2478.4	− 2531	−52.6	× 92 / 452	−10.7
7	4,861	2495.7	− 2552	−56.3	× 71 / 452	−8.8
8	4,862	2525.1	− 2567	−41.9	× 61 / 452	−5.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−63

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	4,812	2379.0	− 2432	−53	× 88 / 477	−9.8
4	4,813	2408.7	− 2473	−64.3	× 79 / 477	−10.6
5	4,814	2416.6	− 2502	−85.4	× 79 / 477	−14.1
6	4,815	2442.0	− 2531	−89	× 73 / 477	−13.6
7	4,816	2502.6	− 2552	−49.4	× 91 / 477	−9.4
8	4,817	2492.5	− 2567	−74.5	× 67 / 477	−10.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−68

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	4,776	2411.7	− 2432	−20.3	× 57 / 460	−2.5
4	4,777	2441.5	− 2473	−31.5	× 87 / 460	−6
5	4,778	2453.7	− 2502	−48.3	× 73 / 460	−7.7
6	4,779	2470.6	− 2531	−60.4	× 81 / 460	−10.6
7	4,780	2522.6	− 2552	−29.4	× 73 / 460	−4.7
8	4,781	2545.6	− 2567	−21.4	× 89 / 460	−4.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−36

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −14, −13, −20, −27, −25, −35, −63, −68, −36 → −33.4
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 1 · 2016→2017: 7 · 2017→2018: 7 · 2018→2019: 2 · 2019→2022: 10 · 2022→2023: 28 · 2023→2024: 5 · 2024→2025: 32 → average 11.5
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 11.5 × 2.66 = 30.6. Upper limit −2.8, lower limit −64.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals — for a district, the total across its schools. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.