Piedmont City Unified: english

The shaded band is this district's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	3,292	2489.6	− 2432	57.6	× 195 / 1438	7.8
4	3,295	2522.3	− 2473	49.3	× 206 / 1438	7.1
5	3,296	2588.8	− 2502	86.8	× 232 / 1438	14
6	3,299	2600.3	− 2531	69.3	× 225 / 1438	10.8
7	3,300	2619.5	− 2552	67.5	× 192 / 1438	9
8	3,303	2645.1	− 2567	78.1	× 208 / 1438	11.3
11	3,304	2695.5	− 2583	112.5	× 180 / 1438	14.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						74

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,891	2497.3	− 2432	65.3	× 218 / 1510	9.4
4	2,892	2551.7	− 2473	78.7	× 199 / 1510	10.4
5	2,895	2574.2	− 2502	72.2	× 214 / 1510	10.2
6	2,897	2611.1	− 2531	80.1	× 244 / 1510	12.9
7	2,898	2636.2	− 2552	84.2	× 228 / 1510	12.7
8	2,900	2645.4	− 2567	78.4	× 193 / 1510	10
11	2,903	2705.1	− 2583	122.1	× 214 / 1510	17.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						83

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,964	2499.2	− 2432	67.2	× 181 / 1487	8.2
4	2,966	2544.7	− 2473	71.7	× 224 / 1487	10.8
5	2,968	2594.2	− 2502	92.2	× 205 / 1487	12.7
6	2,971	2605.9	− 2531	74.9	× 201 / 1487	10.1
7	2,973	2638.1	− 2552	86.1	× 244 / 1487	14.1
8	2,974	2639.9	− 2567	72.9	× 237 / 1487	11.6
11	2,977	2696.0	− 2583	113	× 195 / 1487	14.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						82

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,967	2493.9	− 2432	61.9	× 160 / 1441	6.9
4	2,969	2551.8	− 2473	78.8	× 185 / 1441	10.1
5	2,971	2606.1	− 2502	104.1	× 223 / 1441	16.1
6	2,973	2618.2	− 2531	87.2	× 208 / 1441	12.6
7	2,975	2636.1	− 2552	84.1	× 212 / 1441	12.4
8	2,977	2653.1	− 2567	86.1	× 244 / 1441	14.6
11	2,979	2680.0	− 2583	97	× 209 / 1441	14.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						87

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,986	2497.1	− 2432	65.1	× 157 / 1347	7.6
4	2,987	2546.0	− 2473	73	× 163 / 1347	8.8
5	2,988	2602.3	− 2502	100.3	× 188 / 1347	14
6	2,989	2629.4	− 2531	98.4	× 230 / 1347	16.8
7	2,990	2644.1	− 2552	92.1	× 209 / 1347	14.3
8	2,991	2646.5	− 2567	79.5	× 208 / 1347	12.3
11	2,992	2673.2	− 2583	90.2	× 192 / 1347	12.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						87

2021 from sb_ca2021_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,850	2491.8	− 2432	59.8	× 166 / 1165	8.5
4	2,851	2542.2	− 2473	69.2	× 158 / 1165	9.4
5	2,852	2576.6	− 2502	74.6	× 163 / 1165	10.4
6	2,853	2601.5	− 2531	70.5	× 156 / 1165	9.4
7	2,854	2654.5	− 2552	102.5	× 178 / 1165	15.7
8	2,855	2666.6	− 2567	99.6	× 206 / 1165	17.6
11	2,856	2705.3	− 2583	122.3	× 138 / 1165	14.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						86

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,884	2512.1	− 2432	80.1	× 165 / 1162	11.4
4	2,885	2556.0	− 2473	83	× 167 / 1162	11.9
5	2,886	2595.6	− 2502	93.6	× 165 / 1162	13.3
6	2,887	2610.5	− 2531	79.5	× 147 / 1162	10.1
7	2,888	2638.9	− 2552	86.9	× 162 / 1162	12.1
8	2,889	2667.6	− 2567	100.6	× 175 / 1162	15.2
11	2,890	2683.3	− 2583	100.3	× 181 / 1162	15.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						90

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,818	2511.8	− 2432	79.8	× 136 / 1155	9.4
4	2,819	2561.0	− 2473	88	× 165 / 1155	12.6
5	2,820	2605.2	− 2502	103.2	× 172 / 1155	15.4
6	2,821	2609.9	− 2531	78.9	× 182 / 1155	12.4
7	2,822	2645.4	− 2552	93.4	× 157 / 1155	12.7
8	2,823	2636.2	− 2567	69.2	× 160 / 1155	9.6
11	2,824	2697.5	− 2583	114.5	× 183 / 1155	18.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						90

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,782	2495.4	− 2432	63.4	× 165 / 1215	8.6
4	2,783	2543.0	− 2473	70	× 145 / 1215	8.4
5	2,784	2598.0	− 2502	96	× 174 / 1215	13.7
6	2,785	2616.4	− 2531	85.4	× 177 / 1215	12.4
7	2,786	2646.3	− 2552	94.3	× 183 / 1215	14.2
8	2,787	2641.0	− 2567	74	× 166 / 1215	10.1
11	2,788	2699.4	− 2583	116.4	× 205 / 1215	19.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						87

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,750	2495.6	− 2432	63.6	× 159 / 1245	8.1
4	2,751	2540.8	− 2473	67.8	× 180 / 1245	9.8
5	2,752	2590.6	− 2502	88.6	× 162 / 1245	11.5
6	2,753	2617.4	− 2531	86.4	× 190 / 1245	13.2
7	2,754	2645.3	− 2552	93.3	× 184 / 1245	13.8
8	2,755	2642.3	− 2567	75.3	× 191 / 1245	11.6
11	2,756	2713.7	− 2583	130.7	× 179 / 1245	18.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						87

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. 74, 83, 82, 87, 87, 86, 90, 90, 87, 87 → 85.3
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 9 · 2016→2017: 1 · 2017→2018: 5 · 2018→2019: 0 · 2019→2021: 1 · 2021→2022: 4 · 2022→2023: 0 · 2023→2024: 3 · 2024→2025: 0 → average 2.6
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 2.6 × 2.66 = 6.9. Upper limit 92.2, lower limit 78.4.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals — for a district, the total across its schools. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.