William Penn Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Measured against the grade bars

The state's math test uses one scale for every grade, so a score means the same thing in grade 3 as in grade 5.

3rd The average 3rd grader scores 58 points under the grade 3 bar. 2378 vs. 2436.
4th The average 4th grader scores 46 points under the grade 3 bar. 2390 vs. 2436. The 4th-grade bar is 2485.
5th The average 5th grader scores 39 points under the grade 4 bar. 2446 vs. 2485. The 5th-grade bar is 2528.

2026 results. "Meets standard" is the state's mark for being on track for that grade.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	16,126	2387.3	− 2436	−48.7	× 55 / 139	−19.3
4	16,127	2431.1	− 2485	−53.9	× 49 / 139	−19
5	16,130	2461.9	− 2528	−66.1	× 35 / 139	−16.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−55

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,146	2419.8	− 2436	−16.2	× 48 / 152	−5.1
4	15,149	2424.6	− 2485	−60.4	× 50 / 152	−19.9
5	15,150	2473.2	− 2528	−54.8	× 54 / 152	−19.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−44

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,463	2437.9	− 2436	1.9	× 48 / 159	0.6
4	15,465	2425.9	− 2485	−59.1	× 50 / 159	−18.6
5	15,467	2454.0	− 2528	−74	× 61 / 159	−28.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−46

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,485	2430.9	− 2436	−5.1	× 44 / 143	−1.6
4	15,486	2442.8	− 2485	−42.2	× 49 / 143	−14.5
5	15,489	2436.1	− 2528	−91.9	× 50 / 143	−32.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−48

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,598	2418.5	− 2436	−17.5	× 46 / 137	−5.9
4	15,599	2455.6	− 2485	−29.4	× 47 / 137	−10.1
5	15,600	2454.7	− 2528	−73.3	× 44 / 137	−23.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−40

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,634	2365.2	− 2436	−70.8	× 53 / 148	−25.4
4	15,635	2400.5	− 2485	−84.5	× 45 / 148	−25.7
5	15,636	2437.2	− 2528	−90.8	× 50 / 148	−30.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−82

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,586	2361.0	− 2436	−75	× 40 / 143	−21
4	15,587	2417.9	− 2485	−67.1	× 55 / 143	−25.8
5	15,588	2411.2	− 2528	−116.8	× 48 / 143	−39.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−86

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,539	2387.9	− 2436	−48.1	× 43 / 130	−15.9
4	15,540	2388.7	− 2485	−96.3	× 36 / 130	−26.7
5	15,541	2436.8	− 2528	−91.2	× 51 / 130	−35.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−78

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,526	2368.1	− 2436	−67.9	× 41 / 118	−23.6
4	15,527	2428.7	− 2485	−56.3	× 38 / 118	−18.1
5	15,528	2408.9	− 2528	−119.1	× 39 / 118	−39.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−81

2026 from sb_ca2026_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	15,535	2377.7	− 2436	−58.3	× 34 / 128	−15.5
4	15,536	2389.9	− 2485	−95.1	× 52 / 128	−38.6
5	15,537	2445.9	− 2528	−82.1	× 42 / 128	−26.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−81

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −55, −44, −46, −48, −40, −82, −86, −78, −81, −81 → −64.1
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 11 · 2016→2017: 2 · 2017→2018: 2 · 2018→2019: 8 · 2019→2022: 42 · 2022→2023: 4 · 2023→2024: 8 · 2024→2025: 3 · 2025→2026: 0 → average 8.9
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 8.9 × 2.66 = 23.7. Upper limit −40.4, lower limit −87.8.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.