Edwin Markham Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	93,393	2401.3	− 2436	−34.7	× 126 / 466	−9.4
4	93,394	2419.4	− 2485	−65.6	× 115 / 466	−16.2
5	93,397	2460.7	− 2528	−67.3	× 120 / 466	−17.3
6	93,398	2475.9	− 2552	−76.1	× 105 / 466	−17.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−60

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	86,780	2399.7	− 2436	−36.3	× 135 / 485	−10.1
4	86,781	2440.4	− 2485	−44.6	× 119 / 485	−10.9
5	86,783	2446.5	− 2528	−81.5	× 115 / 485	−19.3
6	86,785	2488.1	− 2552	−63.9	× 116 / 485	−15.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−56

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	89,226	2419.5	− 2436	−16.5	× 128 / 471	−4.5
4	89,229	2431.6	− 2485	−53.4	× 125 / 471	−14.2
5	89,231	2458.8	− 2528	−69.2	× 116 / 471	−17
6	89,232	2473.3	− 2552	−78.7	× 102 / 471	−17
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−53

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	89,437	2402.3	− 2436	−33.7	× 124 / 495	−8.4
4	89,438	2445.7	− 2485	−39.3	× 128 / 495	−10.2
5	89,441	2456.3	− 2528	−71.7	× 128 / 495	−18.5
6	89,442	2499.9	− 2552	−52.1	× 115 / 495	−12.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−49

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	90,044	2424.2	− 2436	−11.8	× 132 / 511	−3
4	90,045	2445.5	− 2485	−39.5	× 118 / 511	−9.1
5	90,046	2467.8	− 2528	−60.2	× 131 / 511	−15.4
6	90,047	2500.1	− 2552	−51.9	× 130 / 511	−13.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−41

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	90,308	2396.7	− 2436	−39.3	× 118 / 476	−9.7
4	90,309	2415.3	− 2485	−69.7	× 116 / 476	−17
5	90,310	2428.4	− 2528	−99.6	× 115 / 476	−24.1
6	90,311	2482.9	− 2552	−69.1	× 127 / 476	−18.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−69

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	90,200	2395.0	− 2436	−41	× 112 / 449	−10.2
4	90,201	2403.8	− 2485	−81.2	× 121 / 449	−21.9
5	90,202	2390.1	− 2528	−137.9	× 104 / 449	−31.9
6	90,203	2456.2	− 2552	−95.8	× 112 / 449	−23.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−88

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	90,149	2401.6	− 2436	−34.4	× 129 / 482	−9.2
4	90,150	2398.8	− 2485	−86.2	× 112 / 482	−20
5	90,151	2406.1	− 2528	−121.9	× 122 / 482	−30.9
6	90,152	2438.2	− 2552	−113.8	× 119 / 482	−28.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−88

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	89,833	2403.0	− 2436	−33	× 121 / 477	−8.4
4	89,834	2410.6	− 2485	−74.4	× 125 / 477	−19.5
5	89,835	2439.8	− 2528	−88.2	× 112 / 477	−20.7
6	89,836	2443.8	− 2552	−108.2	× 119 / 477	−27
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−76

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −60, −56, −53, −49, −41, −69, −88, −88, −76 → −64.4
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 4 · 2016→2017: 3 · 2017→2018: 4 · 2018→2019: 8 · 2019→2022: 28 · 2022→2023: 19 · 2023→2024: 0 · 2024→2025: 12 → average 9.8
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 9.8 × 2.66 = 26.1. Upper limit −38.3, lower limit −90.5.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.