Gretchen Higgins Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	92,922	2408.9	− 2436	−27.1	× 71 / 333	−5.8
4	92,923	2409.4	− 2485	−75.6	× 82 / 333	−18.6
5	92,926	2455.9	− 2528	−72.1	× 89 / 333	−19.3
6	92,927	2510.5	− 2552	−41.5	× 91 / 333	−11.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−55

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	86,353	2382.5	− 2436	−53.5	× 70 / 308	−12.2
4	86,355	2439.3	− 2485	−45.7	× 69 / 308	−10.2
5	86,357	2432.0	− 2528	−96	× 77 / 308	−24
6	86,360	2505.8	− 2552	−46.2	× 92 / 308	−13.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−60

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	88,710	2413.4	− 2436	−22.6	× 53 / 265	−4.5
4	88,711	2446.9	− 2485	−38.1	× 67 / 265	−9.6
5	88,714	2476.2	− 2528	−51.8	× 71 / 265	−13.9
6	88,716	2468.6	− 2552	−83.4	× 74 / 265	−23.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−51

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	88,936	2398.5	− 2436	−37.5	× 40 / 242	−6.2
4	88,939	2433.7	− 2485	−51.3	× 61 / 242	−12.9
5	88,940	2447.1	− 2528	−80.9	× 70 / 242	−23.4
6	88,943	2493.6	− 2552	−58.4	× 71 / 242	−17.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−60

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	89,549	2427.4	− 2436	−8.6	× 47 / 137	−3
4	89,550	2489.9	− 2485	4.9	× 32 / 137	1.1
5	89,551	2440.7	− 2528	−87.3	× 58 / 137	−37
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−39

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	89,803	2384.8	− 2436	−51.2	× 61 / 171	−18.3
4	89,804	2429.6	− 2485	−55.4	× 46 / 171	−14.9
5	89,805	2440.3	− 2528	−87.7	× 64 / 171	−32.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−66

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	89,699	2426.3	− 2436	−9.7	× 75 / 186	−3.9
4	89,700	2431.3	− 2485	−53.7	× 63 / 186	−18.2
5	89,701	2467.4	− 2528	−60.6	× 48 / 186	−15.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−38

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	89,656	2395.2	− 2436	−40.8	× 73 / 220	−13.5
4	89,657	2432.0	− 2485	−53	× 80 / 220	−19.3
5	89,658	2437.7	− 2528	−90.3	× 67 / 220	−27.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−60

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	89,360	2386.0	− 2436	−50	× 69 / 215	−16
4	89,361	2410.0	− 2485	−75	× 70 / 215	−24.4
5	89,362	2435.1	− 2528	−92.9	× 76 / 215	−32.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−73

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −55, −60, −51, −60, −39, −66, −38, −60, −73 → −55.8
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 5 · 2016→2017: 9 · 2017→2018: 9 · 2018→2019: 21 · 2019→2022: 27 · 2022→2023: 28 · 2023→2024: 22 · 2024→2025: 13 → average 16.8
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 16.8 × 2.66 = 44.7. Upper limit −11.1, lower limit −100.5.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.