Waterloo Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	79,121	2456.4	− 2528	−71.6	× 89 / 358	−17.8
6	79,122	2463.3	− 2552	−88.7	× 90 / 358	−22.3
7	79,125	2497.0	− 2567	−70	× 77 / 358	−15.1
8	79,126	2490.0	− 2586	−96	× 102 / 358	−27.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−83

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	73,310	2502.0	− 2528	−26	× 106 / 369	−7.5
6	73,312	2483.8	− 2552	−68.2	× 90 / 369	−16.6
7	73,315	2503.6	− 2567	−63.4	× 82 / 369	−14.1
8	73,316	2501.9	− 2586	−84.1	× 91 / 369	−20.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−59

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	75,274	2484.4	− 2528	−43.6	× 82 / 380	−9.4
6	75,276	2505.5	− 2552	−46.5	× 120 / 380	−14.7
7	75,278	2498.5	− 2567	−68.5	× 94 / 380	−16.9
8	75,279	2532.6	− 2586	−53.4	× 84 / 380	−11.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−53

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	75,469	2505.4	− 2528	−22.6	× 94 / 418	−5.1
6	75,470	2509.5	− 2552	−42.5	× 92 / 418	−9.4
7	75,473	2510.5	− 2567	−56.5	× 126 / 418	−17
8	75,474	2488.5	− 2586	−97.5	× 106 / 418	−24.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−56

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	75,995	2514.3	− 2528	−13.7	× 82 / 402	−2.8
6	75,996	2510.2	− 2552	−41.8	× 98 / 402	−10.2
7	75,997	2487.2	− 2567	−79.8	× 94 / 402	−18.7
8	75,998	2500.5	− 2586	−85.5	× 128 / 402	−27.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−59

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	76,141	2470.7	− 2528	−57.3	× 96 / 338	−16.3
6	76,142	2499.0	− 2552	−53	× 77 / 338	−12.1
7	76,143	2496.5	− 2567	−70.5	× 82 / 338	−17.1
8	76,144	2511.9	− 2586	−74.1	× 83 / 338	−18.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−64

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	76,123	2487.2	− 2528	−40.8	× 71 / 329	−8.8
6	76,124	2501.9	− 2552	−50.1	× 99 / 329	−15.1
7	76,125	2501.0	− 2567	−66	× 80 / 329	−16
8	76,126	2506.5	− 2586	−79.5	× 79 / 329	−19.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−59

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	76,118	2472.1	− 2528	−55.9	× 74 / 339	−12.2
6	76,119	2518.9	− 2552	−33.1	× 77 / 339	−7.5
7	76,120	2515.2	− 2567	−51.8	× 99 / 339	−15.1
8	76,121	2491.4	− 2586	−94.6	× 89 / 339	−24.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−60

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	75,791	2471.2	− 2528	−56.8	× 78 / 337	−13.1
6	75,792	2509.3	− 2552	−42.7	× 80 / 337	−10.1
7	75,793	2532.6	− 2567	−34.4	× 85 / 337	−8.7
8	75,794	2544.2	− 2586	−41.8	× 94 / 337	−11.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−44

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −83, −59, −53, −56, −59, −64, −59, −60, −44 → −59.7
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 24 · 2016→2017: 6 · 2017→2018: 3 · 2018→2019: 3 · 2019→2022: 5 · 2022→2023: 5 · 2023→2024: 1 · 2024→2025: 16 → average 7.9
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 7.9 × 2.66 = 21. Upper limit −38.7, lower limit −80.7.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.