Twila Reid Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	52,202	2437.8	− 2436	1.8	× 90 / 364	0.4
4	52,204	2454.6	− 2485	−30.4	× 93 / 364	−7.8
5	52,206	2475.6	− 2528	−52.4	× 89 / 364	−12.8
6	52,208	2534.6	− 2552	−17.4	× 92 / 364	−4.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−25

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	48,505	2445.8	− 2436	9.8	× 95 / 379	2.5
4	48,507	2456.1	− 2485	−28.9	× 92 / 379	−7
5	48,510	2493.3	− 2528	−34.7	× 103 / 379	−9.4
6	48,511	2505.8	− 2552	−46.2	× 89 / 379	−10.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−25

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	49,831	2432.3	− 2436	−3.7	× 96 / 392	−0.9
4	49,833	2468.8	− 2485	−16.2	× 93 / 392	−3.8
5	49,836	2474.0	− 2528	−54	× 99 / 392	−13.6
6	49,837	2522.5	− 2552	−29.5	× 104 / 392	−7.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−26

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	49,846	2441.9	− 2436	5.9	× 108 / 402	1.6
4	49,848	2462.7	− 2485	−22.3	× 98 / 402	−5.4
5	49,850	2478.3	− 2528	−49.7	× 99 / 402	−12.2
6	49,852	2512.6	− 2552	−39.4	× 97 / 402	−9.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−26

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	50,043	2433.0	− 2436	−3	× 83 / 371	−0.7
4	50,044	2479.2	− 2485	−5.8	× 99 / 371	−1.5
5	50,045	2494.5	− 2528	−33.5	× 98 / 371	−8.8
6	50,046	2514.1	− 2552	−37.9	× 91 / 371	−9.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−20

2021 from sb_ca2021_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	48,772	2395.7	− 2436	−40.3	× 61 / 302	−8.1
4	48,773	2427.6	− 2485	−57.4	× 80 / 302	−15.2
5	48,774	2486.7	− 2528	−41.3	× 79 / 302	−10.8
6	48,775	2512.5	− 2552	−39.5	× 82 / 302	−10.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−45

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	49,953	2423.3	− 2436	−12.7	× 89 / 315	−3.6
4	49,954	2448.6	− 2485	−36.4	× 65 / 315	−7.5
5	49,955	2482.4	− 2528	−45.6	× 88 / 315	−12.7
6	49,956	2538.5	− 2552	−13.5	× 73 / 315	−3.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−27

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	49,911	2430.8	− 2436	−5.2	× 72 / 309	−1.2
4	49,912	2452.3	− 2485	−32.7	× 87 / 309	−9.2
5	49,913	2496.3	− 2528	−31.7	× 60 / 309	−6.2
6	49,914	2495.1	− 2552	−56.9	× 90 / 309	−16.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−33

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	49,762	2411.6	− 2436	−24.4	× 75 / 281	−6.5
4	49,763	2442.5	− 2485	−42.5	× 70 / 281	−10.6
5	49,764	2492.2	− 2528	−35.8	× 77 / 281	−9.8
6	49,765	2518.3	− 2552	−33.7	× 59 / 281	−7.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−34

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	49,524	2421.6	− 2436	−14.4	× 63 / 274	−3.3
4	49,525	2456.9	− 2485	−28.1	× 72 / 274	−7.4
5	49,526	2490.9	− 2528	−37.1	× 70 / 274	−9.5
6	49,527	2513.2	− 2552	−38.8	× 69 / 274	−9.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−30

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −25, −25, −26, −26, −20, −45, −27, −33, −34, −30 → −29.1
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 0 · 2016→2017: 1 · 2017→2018: 0 · 2018→2019: 6 · 2019→2021: 25 · 2021→2022: 18 · 2022→2023: 6 · 2023→2024: 1 · 2024→2025: 4 → average 6.8
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 6.8 × 2.66 = 18.1. Upper limit −11, lower limit −47.2.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.