Lincoln (Abraham) Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	47,828	2365.5	− 2436	−70.5	× 121 / 489	−17.4
4	47,830	2403.2	− 2485	−81.8	× 118 / 489	−19.7
5	47,833	2426.9	− 2528	−101.1	× 127 / 489	−26.3
6	47,834	2431.1	− 2552	−120.9	× 123 / 489	−30.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−94

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	44,495	2370.5	− 2436	−65.5	× 114 / 475	−15.7
4	44,498	2395.2	− 2485	−89.8	× 121 / 475	−22.9
5	44,500	2420.6	− 2528	−107.4	× 117 / 475	−26.5
6	44,501	2462.4	− 2552	−89.6	× 123 / 475	−23.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−88

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	45,666	2367.5	− 2436	−68.5	× 153 / 515	−20.4
4	45,668	2394.5	− 2485	−90.5	× 118 / 515	−20.7
5	45,671	2405.5	− 2528	−122.5	× 128 / 515	−30.4
6	45,672	2453.4	− 2552	−98.6	× 116 / 515	−22.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−94

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	45,683	2381.8	− 2436	−54.2	× 147 / 533	−14.9
4	45,685	2407.4	− 2485	−77.6	× 147 / 533	−21.4
5	45,687	2421.3	− 2528	−106.7	× 117 / 533	−23.4
6	45,689	2423.5	− 2552	−128.5	× 122 / 533	−29.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−89

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	45,865	2377.9	− 2436	−58.1	× 162 / 568	−16.6
4	45,866	2417.4	− 2485	−67.6	× 143 / 568	−17
5	45,867	2438.3	− 2528	−89.7	× 147 / 568	−23.2
6	45,868	2453.6	− 2552	−98.4	× 116 / 568	−20.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−77

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	45,683	2353.0	− 2436	−83	× 140 / 536	−21.7
4	45,684	2404.6	− 2485	−80.4	× 118 / 536	−17.7
5	45,685	2408.8	− 2528	−119.2	× 138 / 536	−30.7
6	45,686	2459.5	− 2552	−92.5	× 140 / 536	−24.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−94

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	45,665	2368.2	− 2436	−67.8	× 111 / 511	−14.7
4	45,666	2395.1	− 2485	−89.9	× 140 / 511	−24.6
5	45,667	2433.0	− 2528	−95	× 123 / 511	−22.9
6	45,668	2439.2	− 2552	−112.8	× 137 / 511	−30.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−92

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	45,524	2369.0	− 2436	−67	× 92 / 450	−13.7
4	45,525	2396.4	− 2485	−88.6	× 113 / 450	−22.2
5	45,526	2420.8	− 2528	−107.2	× 129 / 450	−30.7
6	45,527	2453.4	− 2552	−98.6	× 116 / 450	−25.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−92

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	45,278	2360.6	− 2436	−75.4	× 97 / 419	−17.5
4	45,279	2404.8	− 2485	−80.2	× 93 / 419	−17.8
5	45,280	2428.5	− 2528	−99.5	× 103 / 419	−24.5
6	45,281	2451.3	− 2552	−100.7	× 126 / 419	−30.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−90

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −94, −88, −94, −89, −77, −94, −92, −92, −90 → −90
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 6 · 2016→2017: 6 · 2017→2018: 5 · 2018→2019: 12 · 2019→2022: 17 · 2022→2023: 2 · 2023→2024: 0 · 2024→2025: 2 → average 6.3
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 6.3 × 2.66 = 16.8. Upper limit −73.2, lower limit −106.8.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.