Highlands Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	37,386	2421.6	− 2436	−14.4	× 68 / 264	−3.7
4	37,387	2455.1	− 2485	−29.9	× 64 / 264	−7.2
5	37,390	2456.6	− 2528	−71.4	× 58 / 264	−15.7
6	37,391	2535.1	− 2552	−16.9	× 74 / 264	−4.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−31

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	34,782	2423.6	− 2436	−12.4	× 55 / 247	−2.8
4	34,784	2464.7	− 2485	−20.3	× 66 / 247	−5.4
5	34,787	2454.2	− 2528	−73.8	× 65 / 247	−19.4
6	34,788	2528.4	− 2552	−23.6	× 61 / 247	−5.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−33

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	35,428	2409.2	− 2436	−26.8	× 51 / 234	−5.8
4	35,431	2463.3	− 2485	−21.7	× 55 / 234	−5.1
5	35,433	2479.1	− 2528	−48.9	× 62 / 234	−13
6	35,434	2494.2	− 2552	−57.8	× 66 / 234	−16.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−40

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	35,439	2410.7	− 2436	−25.3	× 43 / 216	−5
4	35,441	2459.1	− 2485	−25.9	× 52 / 216	−6.2
5	35,443	2484.9	− 2528	−43.1	× 60 / 216	−12
6	35,445	2545.2	− 2552	−6.8	× 61 / 216	−1.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−25

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	35,606	2409.5	− 2436	−26.5	× 58 / 206	−7.5
4	35,607	2438.7	− 2485	−46.3	× 37 / 206	−8.3
5	35,608	2501.7	− 2528	−26.3	× 47 / 206	−6
6	35,609	2514.8	− 2552	−37.2	× 64 / 206	−11.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−33

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	35,495	2463.5	− 2436	27.5	× 117 / 457	7
4	35,496	2491.2	− 2485	6.2	× 128 / 457	1.7
5	35,497	2523.3	− 2528	−4.7	× 107 / 457	−1.1
6	35,498	2536.5	− 2552	−15.5	× 105 / 457	−3.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						4

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	35,500	2445.4	− 2436	9.4	× 101 / 292	3.3
4	35,501	2495.6	− 2485	10.6	× 64 / 292	2.3
5	35,502	2476.5	− 2528	−51.5	× 59 / 292	−10.4
6	35,503	2535.6	− 2552	−16.4	× 68 / 292	−3.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−9

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	35,362	2460.4	− 2436	24.4	× 81 / 289	6.8
4	35,363	2475.0	− 2485	−10	× 90 / 289	−3.1
5	35,364	2508.9	− 2528	−19.1	× 64 / 289	−4.2
6	35,365	2513.2	− 2552	−38.8	× 54 / 289	−7.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−8

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	35,203	2447.8	− 2436	11.8	× 94 / 350	3.2
4	35,204	2484.8	− 2485	−0.2	× 83 / 350	0
5	35,205	2529.0	− 2528	1	× 105 / 350	0.3
6	35,206	2587.7	− 2552	35.7	× 68 / 350	6.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						10

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −31, −33, −40, −25, −33, 4, −9, −8, 10 → −18.3
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 2 · 2016→2017: 7 · 2017→2018: 15 · 2018→2019: 8 · 2019→2022: 37 · 2022→2023: 13 · 2023→2024: 1 · 2024→2025: 18 → average 12.6
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 12.6 × 2.66 = 33.5. Upper limit 15.2, lower limit −51.8.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.