Deborah A. Williams Elementary: math

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	10,373	2361.1	− 2436	−74.9	× 99 / 329	−22.5
4	10,374	2401.4	− 2485	−83.6	× 85 / 329	−21.6
5	10,377	2420.8	− 2528	−107.2	× 84 / 329	−27.4
6	10,378	2388.6	− 2552	−163.4	× 61 / 329	−30.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−102

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	9,405	2373.9	− 2436	−62.1	× 90 / 324	−17.3
4	9,407	2429.6	− 2485	−55.4	× 87 / 324	−14.9
5	9,409	2418.0	− 2528	−110	× 81 / 324	−27.5
6	9,410	2407.4	− 2552	−144.6	× 66 / 324	−29.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−89

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	9,717	2364.6	− 2436	−71.4	× 96 / 324	−21.2
4	9,718	2425.4	− 2485	−59.6	× 91 / 324	−16.7
5	9,720	2456.7	− 2528	−71.3	× 73 / 324	−16.1
6	9,722	2405.3	− 2552	−146.7	× 64 / 324	−29
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−83

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	9,724	2360.9	− 2436	−75.1	× 91 / 347	−19.7
4	9,726	2430.8	− 2485	−54.2	× 97 / 347	−15.2
5	9,728	2439.0	− 2528	−89	× 86 / 347	−22.1
6	9,730	2427.4	− 2552	−124.6	× 73 / 347	−26.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−83

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	9,815	2388.7	− 2436	−47.3	× 108 / 366	−14
4	9,816	2430.6	− 2485	−54.4	× 82 / 366	−12.2
5	9,817	2459.4	− 2528	−68.6	× 100 / 366	−18.7
6	9,818	2441.9	− 2552	−110.1	× 76 / 366	−22.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−68

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	9,766	2342.4	− 2436	−93.6	× 85 / 309	−25.7
4	9,767	2381.8	− 2485	−103.2	× 87 / 309	−29.1
5	9,768	2427.5	− 2528	−100.5	× 68 / 309	−22.1
6	9,769	2477.4	− 2552	−74.6	× 69 / 309	−16.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−94

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	9,742	2356.7	− 2436	−79.3	× 101 / 348	−23
4	9,743	2409.1	− 2485	−75.9	× 91 / 348	−19.8
5	9,744	2441.4	− 2528	−86.6	× 90 / 348	−22.4
6	9,745	2393.8	− 2552	−158.2	× 66 / 348	−30
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−95

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	9,700	2367.5	− 2436	−68.5	× 84 / 324	−17.8
4	9,701	2411.4	− 2485	−73.6	× 90 / 324	−20.4
5	9,702	2472.5	− 2528	−55.5	× 82 / 324	−14
6	9,703	2415.5	− 2552	−136.5	× 68 / 324	−28.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−81

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	9,675	2368.9	− 2436	−67.1	× 55 / 283	−13
4	9,676	2408.8	− 2485	−76.2	× 79 / 283	−21.3
5	9,677	2475.3	− 2528	−52.7	× 79 / 283	−14.7
6	9,678	2442.8	− 2552	−109.2	× 70 / 283	−27
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−76

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −102, −89, −83, −83, −68, −94, −95, −81, −76 → −85.7
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 13 · 2016→2017: 6 · 2017→2018: 0 · 2018→2019: 15 · 2019→2022: 26 · 2022→2023: 1 · 2023→2024: 14 · 2024→2025: 5 → average 10
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 10 × 2.66 = 26.6. Upper limit −59.1, lower limit −112.3.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.