Knightsen Elementary: math

The shaded band is this district's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	6,438	2400.0	− 2436	−36	× 53 / 353	−5.4
4	6,441	2445.8	− 2485	−39.2	× 58 / 353	−6.4
5	6,442	2461.8	− 2528	−66.2	× 62 / 353	−11.6
6	6,445	2530.4	− 2552	−21.6	× 61 / 353	−3.7
7	6,446	2526.1	− 2567	−40.9	× 56 / 353	−6.5
8	6,449	2623.6	− 2586	37.6	× 63 / 353	6.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−27

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,817	2394.6	− 2436	−41.4	× 62 / 350	−7.3
4	5,819	2440.0	− 2485	−45	× 57 / 350	−7.3
5	5,821	2485.7	− 2528	−42.3	× 62 / 350	−7.5
6	5,823	2502.2	− 2552	−49.8	× 60 / 350	−8.5
7	5,825	2556.5	− 2567	−10.5	× 61 / 350	−1.8
8	5,826	2597.2	− 2586	11.2	× 48 / 350	1.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−31

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,953	2409.6	− 2436	−26.4	× 63 / 369	−4.5
4	5,955	2445.5	− 2485	−39.5	× 59 / 369	−6.3
5	5,956	2472.8	− 2528	−55.2	× 54 / 369	−8.1
6	5,958	2512.3	− 2552	−39.7	× 77 / 369	−8.3
7	5,961	2504.2	− 2567	−62.8	× 57 / 369	−9.7
8	5,963	2599.9	− 2586	13.9	× 59 / 369	2.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−35

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,947	2408.4	− 2436	−27.6	× 65 / 365	−4.9
4	5,948	2466.5	− 2485	−18.5	× 61 / 365	−3.1
5	5,951	2464.8	− 2528	−63.2	× 58 / 365	−10
6	5,952	2510.0	− 2552	−42	× 52 / 365	−6
7	5,955	2531.9	− 2567	−35.1	× 78 / 365	−7.5
8	5,956	2551.8	− 2586	−34.2	× 51 / 365	−4.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−36

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	6,013	2437.8	− 2436	1.8	× 61 / 363	0.3
4	6,014	2460.5	− 2485	−24.5	× 60 / 363	−4
5	6,015	2499.3	− 2528	−28.7	× 59 / 363	−4.7
6	6,016	2501.1	− 2552	−50.9	× 58 / 363	−8.1
7	6,017	2515.7	− 2567	−51.3	× 49 / 363	−6.9
8	6,018	2550.9	− 2586	−35.1	× 76 / 363	−7.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−31

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,894	2429.1	− 2436	−6.9	× 72 / 375	−1.3
4	5,895	2474.8	− 2485	−10.2	× 63 / 375	−1.7
5	5,896	2495.2	− 2528	−32.8	× 70 / 375	−6.1
6	5,897	2523.2	− 2552	−28.8	× 56 / 375	−4.3
7	5,898	2525.6	− 2567	−41.4	× 61 / 375	−6.7
8	5,899	2551.4	− 2586	−34.6	× 53 / 375	−4.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−25

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,884	2439.0	− 2436	3	× 57 / 369	0.5
4	5,885	2475.7	− 2485	−9.3	× 73 / 369	−1.8
5	5,886	2499.1	− 2528	−28.9	× 66 / 369	−5.2
6	5,887	2516.8	− 2552	−35.2	× 68 / 369	−6.5
7	5,888	2548.1	− 2567	−18.9	× 53 / 369	−2.7
8	5,889	2520.0	− 2586	−66	× 52 / 369	−9.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−25

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,821	2428.9	− 2436	−7.1	× 58 / 383	−1.1
4	5,822	2481.4	− 2485	−3.6	× 56 / 383	−0.5
5	5,823	2464.4	− 2528	−63.6	× 77 / 383	−12.8
6	5,824	2517.8	− 2552	−34.2	× 65 / 383	−5.8
7	5,825	2531.4	− 2567	−35.6	× 73 / 383	−6.8
8	5,826	2585.9	− 2586	−0.1	× 54 / 383	0
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−27

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	5,787	2430.9	− 2436	−5.1	× 81 / 429	−1
4	5,788	2479.8	− 2485	−5.2	× 65 / 429	−0.8
5	5,789	2470.2	− 2528	−57.8	× 64 / 429	−8.6
6	5,790	2516.0	− 2552	−36	× 85 / 429	−7.1
7	5,791	2551.8	− 2567	−15.2	× 60 / 429	−2.1
8	5,792	2566.0	− 2586	−20	× 74 / 429	−3.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−23

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −27, −31, −35, −36, −31, −25, −25, −27, −23 → −28.9
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 4 · 2016→2017: 4 · 2017→2018: 1 · 2018→2019: 5 · 2019→2022: 6 · 2022→2023: 0 · 2023→2024: 2 · 2024→2025: 4 → average 3.3
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 3.3 × 2.66 = 8.8. Upper limit −20.1, lower limit −37.7.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals — for a district, the total across its schools. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.