Clifford Elementary: english

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	83,468	2397.7	− 2432	−34.3	× 75 / 481	−5.3
4	83,471	2474.2	− 2473	1.2	× 84 / 481	0.2
5	83,472	2483.4	− 2502	−18.6	× 87 / 481	−3.4
6	83,475	2518.7	− 2531	−12.3	× 83 / 481	−2.1
7	83,476	2534.0	− 2552	−18	× 77 / 481	−2.9
8	83,478	2535.2	− 2567	−31.8	× 75 / 481	−5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−18

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	77,405	2417.5	− 2432	−14.5	× 67 / 460	−2.1
4	77,406	2457.3	− 2473	−15.7	× 72 / 460	−2.5
5	77,408	2483.8	− 2502	−18.2	× 87 / 460	−3.4
6	77,410	2519.2	− 2531	−11.8	× 80 / 460	−2.1
7	77,413	2519.6	− 2552	−32.4	× 77 / 460	−5.4
8	77,415	2559.5	− 2567	−7.5	× 77 / 460	−1.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−17

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	79,541	2429.7	− 2432	−2.3	× 57 / 410	−0.3
4	79,544	2481.9	− 2473	8.9	× 58 / 410	1.3
5	79,546	2474.9	− 2502	−27.1	× 70 / 410	−4.6
6	79,547	2536.1	− 2531	5.1	× 76 / 410	0.9
7	79,549	2547.8	− 2552	−4.2	× 77 / 410	−0.8
8	79,552	2528.8	− 2567	−38.2	× 72 / 410	−6.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−10

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	79,680	2463.0	− 2432	31	× 62 / 394	4.9
4	79,682	2528.6	− 2473	55.6	× 58 / 394	8.2
5	79,684	2503.8	− 2502	1.8	× 59 / 394	0.3
6	79,686	2537.5	− 2531	6.5	× 62 / 394	1
7	79,688	2581.9	− 2552	29.9	× 74 / 394	5.6
8	79,690	2566.1	− 2567	−0.9	× 79 / 394	−0.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						20

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	80,178	2447.9	− 2432	15.9	× 51 / 364	2.2
4	80,179	2520.7	− 2473	47.7	× 62 / 364	8.1
5	80,180	2524.2	− 2502	22.2	× 62 / 364	3.8
6	80,181	2543.5	− 2531	12.5	× 56 / 364	1.9
7	80,182	2605.1	− 2552	53.1	× 58 / 364	8.5
8	80,183	2595.1	− 2567	28.1	× 75 / 364	5.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						30

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	80,434	2423.7	− 2432	−8.3	× 62 / 366	−1.4
4	80,435	2466.4	− 2473	−6.6	× 59 / 366	−1.1
5	80,436	2494.7	− 2502	−7.3	× 65 / 366	−1.3
6	80,437	2473.7	− 2531	−57.3	× 57 / 366	−8.9
7	80,438	2565.6	− 2552	13.6	× 66 / 366	2.5
8	80,439	2605.5	− 2567	38.5	× 57 / 366	6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−4

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	80,400	2438.8	− 2432	6.8	× 62 / 387	1.1
4	80,401	2478.8	− 2473	5.8	× 60 / 387	0.9
5	80,402	2503.4	− 2502	1.4	× 59 / 387	0.2
6	80,403	2490.7	− 2531	−40.3	× 76 / 387	−7.9
7	80,404	2507.6	− 2552	−44.4	× 60 / 387	−6.9
8	80,405	2580.9	− 2567	13.9	× 70 / 387	2.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−10

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	80,418	2422.3	− 2432	−9.7	× 61 / 386	−1.5
4	80,419	2496.7	− 2473	23.7	× 63 / 386	3.9
5	80,420	2502.3	− 2502	0.3	× 62 / 386	0
6	80,421	2517.1	− 2531	−13.9	× 64 / 386	−2.3
7	80,422	2553.6	− 2552	1.6	× 79 / 386	0.3
8	80,423	2533.8	− 2567	−33.2	× 57 / 386	−4.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−4

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	80,082	2432.8	− 2432	0.8	× 81 / 420	0.2
4	80,083	2481.5	− 2473	8.5	× 63 / 420	1.3
5	80,084	2511.6	− 2502	9.6	× 64 / 420	1.5
6	80,085	2509.6	− 2531	−21.4	× 70 / 420	−3.6
7	80,086	2563.2	− 2552	11.2	× 65 / 420	1.7
8	80,087	2573.3	− 2567	6.3	× 77 / 420	1.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						2

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −18, −17, −10, 20, 30, −4, −10, −4, 2 → −1.2
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 1 · 2016→2017: 7 · 2017→2018: 30 · 2018→2019: 10 · 2019→2022: 34 · 2022→2023: 6 · 2023→2024: 6 · 2024→2025: 6 → average 12.5
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 12.5 × 2.66 = 33.3. Upper limit 32.1, lower limit −34.5.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.