Lincoln Elementary: english

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	41,479	2403.1	− 2432	−28.9	× 117 / 470	−7.2
4	41,482	2444.7	− 2473	−28.3	× 121 / 470	−7.3
5	41,483	2468.8	− 2502	−33.2	× 108 / 470	−7.6
6	41,486	2504.4	− 2531	−26.6	× 124 / 470	−7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−29

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	38,385	2388.5	− 2432	−43.5	× 118 / 470	−10.9
4	38,387	2432.7	− 2473	−40.3	× 120 / 470	−10.3
5	38,389	2481.6	− 2502	−20.4	× 123 / 470	−5.3
6	38,391	2491.0	− 2531	−40	× 109 / 470	−9.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−36

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	39,297	2408.2	− 2432	−23.8	× 131 / 498	−6.3
4	39,299	2450.9	− 2473	−22.1	× 111 / 498	−4.9
5	39,301	2482.7	− 2502	−19.3	× 128 / 498	−5
6	39,303	2524.1	− 2531	−6.9	× 128 / 498	−1.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−18

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	39,336	2415.5	− 2432	−16.5	× 114 / 460	−4.1
4	39,338	2449.7	− 2473	−23.3	× 127 / 460	−6.4
5	39,340	2490.0	− 2502	−12	× 95 / 460	−2.5
6	39,341	2498.5	− 2531	−32.5	× 124 / 460	−8.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−22

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	39,475	2404.7	− 2432	−27.3	× 117 / 470	−6.8
4	39,476	2464.0	− 2473	−9	× 122 / 470	−2.3
5	39,477	2488.2	− 2502	−13.8	× 136 / 470	−4
6	39,478	2501.9	− 2531	−29.1	× 95 / 470	−5.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−19

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	39,252	2374.0	− 2432	−58	× 100 / 498	−11.6
4	39,253	2408.6	− 2473	−64.4	× 136 / 498	−17.6
5	39,254	2414.0	− 2502	−88	× 134 / 498	−23.7
6	39,255	2467.4	− 2531	−63.6	× 128 / 498	−16.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−69

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	39,307	2384.6	− 2432	−47.4	× 119 / 491	−11.5
4	39,308	2430.4	− 2473	−42.6	× 109 / 491	−9.5
5	39,309	2434.0	− 2502	−68	× 135 / 491	−18.7
6	39,310	2456.7	− 2531	−74.3	× 128 / 491	−19.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−59

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	39,133	2360.6	− 2432	−71.4	× 113 / 486	−16.6
4	39,134	2462.2	− 2473	−10.8	× 125 / 486	−2.8
5	39,135	2449.3	− 2502	−52.7	× 110 / 486	−11.9
6	39,136	2482.2	− 2531	−48.8	× 138 / 486	−13.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−45

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	38,906	2373.2	− 2432	−58.8	× 111 / 460	−14.2
4	38,907	2435.7	− 2473	−37.3	× 114 / 460	−9.2
5	38,908	2469.2	− 2502	−32.8	× 123 / 460	−8.8
6	38,909	2484.4	− 2531	−46.6	× 112 / 460	−11.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−44

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −29, −36, −18, −22, −19, −69, −59, −45, −44 → −37.9
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 7 · 2016→2017: 18 · 2017→2018: 4 · 2018→2019: 3 · 2019→2022: 50 · 2022→2023: 10 · 2023→2024: 14 · 2024→2025: 1 → average 13.4
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 13.4 × 2.66 = 35.6. Upper limit −2.3, lower limit −73.5.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.