Mark Twain Middle: english

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
6	32,995	2489.0	− 2531	−42	× 168 / 585	−12.1
7	32,998	2488.6	− 2552	−63.4	× 201 / 585	−21.8
8	32,999	2487.2	− 2567	−79.8	× 216 / 585	−29.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−63

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
6	31,210	2494.5	− 2531	−36.5	× 186 / 583	−11.6
7	31,211	2494.0	− 2552	−58	× 182 / 583	−18.1
8	31,213	2543.3	− 2567	−23.7	× 215 / 583	−8.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−38

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
6	31,770	2500.3	− 2531	−30.7	× 250 / 602	−12.7
7	31,772	2520.5	− 2552	−31.5	× 181 / 602	−9.5
8	31,775	2527.8	− 2567	−39.2	× 171 / 602	−11.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−33

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
6	31,807	2512.5	− 2531	−18.5	× 222 / 649	−6.3
7	31,809	2540.6	− 2552	−11.4	× 248 / 649	−4.4
8	31,811	2537.7	− 2567	−29.3	× 179 / 649	−8.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−19

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
6	31,981	2538.3	− 2531	7.3	× 264 / 724	2.7
7	31,982	2548.3	− 2552	−3.7	× 229 / 724	−1.2
8	31,983	2546.7	− 2567	−20.3	× 231 / 724	−6.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−5

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
6	32,008	2541.1	− 2531	10.1	× 285 / 828	3.5
7	32,009	2570.0	− 2552	18	× 268 / 828	5.8
8	32,010	2563.0	− 2567	−4	× 275 / 828	−1.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						8

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
6	32,065	2521.3	− 2531	−9.7	× 320 / 875	−3.5
7	32,066	2550.7	− 2552	−1.3	× 283 / 875	−0.4
8	32,067	2574.9	− 2567	7.9	× 272 / 875	2.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−2

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
6	31,931	2536.6	− 2531	5.6	× 327 / 927	2
7	31,932	2537.3	− 2552	−14.7	× 317 / 927	−5
8	31,933	2571.5	− 2567	4.5	× 283 / 927	1.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−2

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
6	31,790	2569.1	− 2531	38.1	× 311 / 959	12.4
7	31,791	2570.1	− 2552	18.1	× 332 / 959	6.3
8	31,792	2571.4	− 2567	4.4	× 316 / 959	1.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						20

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −63, −38, −33, −19, −5, 8, −2, −2, 20 → −14.9
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 25 · 2016→2017: 5 · 2017→2018: 14 · 2018→2019: 14 · 2019→2022: 13 · 2022→2023: 10 · 2023→2024: 0 · 2024→2025: 22 → average 12.9
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 12.9 × 2.66 = 34.3. Upper limit 19.4, lower limit −49.2.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.