Princeton Joint Unified: english

The shaded band is this district's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	13,116	2409.2	− 2432	−22.8	× 13 / 89	−3.3
4	13,119	2463.8	− 2473	−9.2	× 12 / 89	−1.2
5	13,120	2465.8	− 2502	−36.2	× 11 / 89	−4.5
7	13,124	2511.6	− 2552	−40.4	× 17 / 89	−7.7
8	13,127	2503.4	− 2567	−63.6	× 17 / 89	−12.1
11	13,129	2515.1	− 2583	−67.9	× 19 / 89	−14.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−43

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
4	12,136	2399.2	− 2473	−73.8	× 14 / 61	−16.9
5	12,139	2448.1	− 2502	−53.9	× 11 / 61	−9.7
6	12,140	2473.1	− 2531	−57.9	× 11 / 61	−10.4
7	12,142	2576.3	− 2552	24.3	× 12 / 61	4.8
8	12,145	2571.2	− 2567	4.2	× 13 / 61	0.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−31

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	12,468	2419.3	− 2432	−12.7	× 13 / 94	−1.8
5	12,472	2430.6	− 2502	−71.4	× 16 / 94	−12.2
6	12,474	2518.6	− 2531	−12.4	× 13 / 94	−1.7
7	12,475	2517.5	− 2552	−34.5	× 13 / 94	−4.8
8	12,478	2589.5	− 2567	22.5	× 12 / 94	2.9
11	12,479	2591.4	− 2583	8.4	× 27 / 94	2.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−15

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
4	12,495	2450.2	− 2473	−22.8	× 12 / 68	−4
6	12,499	2463.1	− 2531	−67.9	× 17 / 68	−17
7	12,501	2536.7	− 2552	−15.3	× 11 / 68	−2.5
8	12,502	2544.2	− 2567	−22.8	× 12 / 68	−4
11	12,505	2583.3	− 2583	0.3	× 16 / 68	0.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−27

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	12,588	2444.7	− 2502	−57.3	× 13 / 71	−10.5
6	12,589	2434.3	− 2531	−96.7	× 12 / 71	−16.3
7	12,590	2513.6	− 2552	−38.4	× 18 / 71	−9.7
8	12,591	2524.8	− 2567	−42.2	× 13 / 71	−7.7
11	12,592	2570.2	− 2583	−12.8	× 15 / 71	−2.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−47

2021 from sb_ca2021_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
7	12,430	2515.9	− 2552	−36.1	× 16 / 39	−14.8
8	12,431	2511.6	− 2567	−55.4	× 11 / 39	−15.6
11	12,432	2517.2	− 2583	−65.8	× 12 / 39	−20.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−51

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
8	12,616	2452.0	− 2567	−115	× 18 / 33	−62.7
11	12,617	2467.1	− 2583	−115.9	× 15 / 33	−52.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−115

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	12,596	2381.6	− 2432	−50.4	× 12 / 37	−16.3
6	12,599	2475.9	− 2531	−55.1	× 11 / 37	−16.4
11	12,602	2530.4	− 2583	−52.6	× 14 / 37	−19.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−53

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
4	12,566	2370.5	− 2473	−102.5	× 11 / 34	−33.2
7	12,569	2507.0	− 2552	−45	× 11 / 34	−14.6
11	12,571	2546.7	− 2583	−36.3	× 12 / 34	−12.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−61

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
5	12,540	2442.8	− 2502	−59.2	× 12 / 40	−17.8
8	12,543	2492.5	− 2567	−74.5	× 11 / 40	−20.5
11	12,544	2585.8	− 2583	2.8	× 17 / 40	1.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−37

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −43, −31, −15, −27, −47, −51, −115, −53, −61, −37 → −48
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 12 · 2016→2017: 16 · 2017→2018: 12 · 2018→2019: 20 · 2019→2021: 4 · 2021→2022: 64 · 2022→2023: 62 · 2023→2024: 8 · 2024→2025: 24 → average 24.7
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 24.7 × 2.66 = 65.7. Upper limit 17.7, lower limit −113.7.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals — for a district, the total across its schools. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.