Richman Elementary: english

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Measured against the grade bars

The state's English test uses one scale for every grade, so a score means the same thing in grade 3 as in grade 6.

All students

3rd The average 3rd grader scores 52 points under the grade 3 bar. 2380 vs. 2432.
4th The average 4th grader scores 13 points under the grade 3 bar. 2420 vs. 2432. The 4th-grade bar is 2473.
5th The average 5th grader scores 10 points under the grade 5 bar. 2493 vs. 2502.
6th The average 6th grader scores just under the grade 5 bar. 2498 vs. 2502. The 6th-grade bar is 2531.

Students fluent in English

The closest these results come to reading alone: English is not in the way. Includes students who have only ever spoken English.

Grade bars 3rd 52 students 41 points under the grade 3 bar. 4th 46 students 27 points under the grade 4 bar. 5th 48 students Meets the grade 5 bar.

English learners

Students leave this group as they become fluent, so its average stays low even where they learn well.

Grade bars 3rd 15 students 91 points under the grade 3 bar. 4th 16 students 88 points under the grade 3 bar. 5th 14 students Just under the grade 3 bar.

the group's average that grade's own bar the distance between

2026 results. The English test covers reading, writing, listening and research together. "Meets standard" is the state's mark for being on track for that grade. The state leaves out any group of ten students or fewer, so a grade may be missing from the charts.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	49,402	2383.6	− 2432	−48.4	× 105 / 408	−12.5
4	49,405	2429.0	− 2473	−44	× 95 / 408	−10.2
5	49,406	2451.8	− 2502	−50.2	× 99 / 408	−12.2
6	49,409	2480.4	− 2531	−50.6	× 109 / 408	−13.5
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−48

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	45,921	2412.0	− 2432	−20	× 97 / 397	−4.9
4	45,924	2407.2	− 2473	−65.8	× 104 / 397	−17.2
5	45,926	2494.0	− 2502	−8	× 95 / 397	−1.9
6	45,927	2494.1	− 2531	−36.9	× 101 / 397	−9.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−33

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	47,147	2398.5	− 2432	−33.5	× 94 / 384	−8.2
4	47,150	2450.8	− 2473	−22.2	× 99 / 384	−5.7
5	47,152	2476.5	− 2502	−25.5	× 95 / 384	−6.3
6	47,153	2491.6	− 2531	−39.4	× 96 / 384	−9.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−30

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	47,157	2409.1	− 2432	−22.9	× 112 / 399	−6.4
4	47,159	2431.0	− 2473	−42	× 96 / 399	−10.1
5	47,161	2500.0	− 2502	−2	× 99 / 399	−0.5
6	47,163	2515.6	− 2531	−15.4	× 92 / 399	−3.6
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−21

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	47,330	2390.7	− 2432	−41.3	× 102 / 390	−10.8
4	47,331	2443.5	− 2473	−29.5	× 103 / 390	−7.8
5	47,332	2484.9	− 2502	−17.1	× 89 / 390	−3.9
6	47,333	2510.0	− 2531	−21	× 96 / 390	−5.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−28

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	47,182	2400.4	− 2432	−31.6	× 70 / 297	−7.4
4	47,183	2470.6	− 2473	−2.4	× 65 / 297	−0.5
5	47,184	2510.2	− 2502	8.2	× 71 / 297	2
6	47,185	2467.7	− 2531	−63.3	× 91 / 297	−19.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−25

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	47,164	2408.5	− 2432	−23.5	× 51 / 268	−4.5
4	47,165	2435.5	− 2473	−37.5	× 72 / 268	−10.1
5	47,166	2485.2	− 2502	−16.8	× 71 / 268	−4.5
6	47,167	2518.6	− 2531	−12.4	× 74 / 268	−3.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−22

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	47,017	2376.1	− 2432	−55.9	× 69 / 261	−14.8
4	47,018	2429.3	− 2473	−43.7	× 55 / 261	−9.2
5	47,019	2501.2	− 2502	−0.8	× 71 / 261	−0.2
6	47,020	2513.7	− 2531	−17.3	× 66 / 261	−4.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−29

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	46,779	2390.1	− 2432	−41.9	× 64 / 258	−10.4
4	46,780	2421.7	− 2473	−51.3	× 64 / 258	−12.7
5	46,781	2490.3	− 2502	−11.7	× 58 / 258	−2.6
6	46,782	2513.6	− 2531	−17.4	× 72 / 258	−4.9
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−31

2026 from sb_ca2026_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	46,647	2379.6	− 2432	−52.4	× 67 / 248	−14.2
4	46,648	2419.5	− 2473	−53.5	× 62 / 248	−13.4
5	46,649	2492.5	− 2502	−9.5	× 62 / 248	−2.4
6	46,650	2497.6	− 2531	−33.4	× 57 / 248	−7.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−38

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −48, −33, −30, −21, −28, −25, −22, −29, −31, −38 → −30.5
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 15 · 2016→2017: 3 · 2017→2018: 9 · 2018→2019: 7 · 2019→2022: 3 · 2022→2023: 3 · 2023→2024: 7 · 2024→2025: 2 · 2025→2026: 7 → average 6.2
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 6.2 × 2.66 = 16.5. Upper limit −14, lower limit −47.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.