Sankofa United Elementary: english

The shaded band is this school's normal range. If nothing about how it works changes, nearly every future year should land inside it. Zero means the typical student just meets the state standard. The small numbers under the years are how many students were tested.

Measured against the grade bars

The state's English test uses one scale for every grade, so a score means the same thing in grade 3 as in grade 5.

3rd The average 3rd grader scores 72 points under the grade 3 bar. 2360 vs. 2432.
4th The average 4th grader scores 110 points under the grade 3 bar. 2322 vs. 2432. The 4th-grade bar is 2473.
5th The average 5th grader scores 21 points under the grade 4 bar. 2452 vs. 2473. The 5th-grade bar is 2502.

2026 results. The English test covers reading, writing, listening and research together. "Meets standard" is the state's mark for being on track for that grade.

Step 1 · Each year's result

For each grade tested, take the average (mean) scale score from the California Department of Education's results file, and subtract the lowest score that counts as "Standard Met" for that grade. That is the grade's distance from standard. Weight each grade by its share of the students tested, then add the grades up. Grades where the state hides the average because ten or fewer students tested are left out entirely.

2015 from sb_ca2015_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,315	2304.6	− 2432	−127.4	× 42 / 183	−29.2
4	2,317	2378.8	− 2473	−94.2	× 42 / 183	−21.6
5	2,319	2382.3	− 2502	−119.7	× 29 / 183	−19
6	2,321	2431.3	− 2531	−99.7	× 21 / 183	−11.4
7	2,323	2455.8	− 2552	−96.2	× 27 / 183	−14.2
8	2,325	2494.4	− 2567	−72.6	× 22 / 183	−8.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−104

2016 from sb_ca2016_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	1,996	2334.1	− 2432	−97.9	× 36 / 165	−21.4
4	1,998	2313.3	− 2473	−159.7	× 28 / 165	−27.1
5	2,001	2405.1	− 2502	−96.9	× 35 / 165	−20.6
6	2,002	2391.3	− 2531	−139.7	× 21 / 165	−17.8
7	2,004	2449.5	− 2552	−102.5	× 19 / 165	−11.8
8	2,006	2443.7	− 2567	−123.3	× 26 / 165	−19.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−118

2017 from sb_ca2017_1_csv_v2.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,054	2334.9	− 2432	−97.1	× 34 / 149	−22.2
4	2,056	2354.0	− 2473	−119	× 30 / 149	−24
5	2,059	2389.3	− 2502	−112.7	× 28 / 149	−21.2
6	2,060	2403.4	− 2531	−127.6	× 22 / 149	−18.8
7	2,063	2392.8	− 2552	−159.2	× 18 / 149	−19.2
8	2,065	2442.8	− 2567	−124.2	× 17 / 149	−14.2
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−120

2018 from sb_ca2018_1_csv_v3.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,065	2339.3	− 2432	−92.7	× 24 / 66	−33.7
4	2,066	2357.6	− 2473	−115.4	× 24 / 66	−42
5	2,069	2422.2	− 2502	−79.8	× 18 / 66	−21.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−97

2019 from sb_ca2019_1_csv_v4.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,070	2345.2	− 2432	−86.8	× 24 / 71	−29.3
4	2,071	2357.3	− 2473	−115.7	× 23 / 71	−37.5
5	2,072	2423.1	− 2502	−78.9	× 24 / 71	−26.7
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−93

2022 from sb_ca2022_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,052	2401.4	− 2432	−30.6	× 29 / 92	−9.6
4	2,053	2452.2	− 2473	−20.8	× 29 / 92	−6.6
5	2,054	2460.3	− 2502	−41.7	× 34 / 92	−15.4
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−32

2023 from sb_ca2023_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	2,012	2369.7	− 2432	−62.3	× 25 / 83	−18.8
4	2,013	2440.8	− 2473	−32.2	× 30 / 83	−11.6
5	2,014	2483.2	− 2502	−18.8	× 28 / 83	−6.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−37

2024 from sb_ca2024_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	1,980	2390.4	− 2432	−41.6	× 32 / 78	−17.1
4	1,981	2397.4	− 2473	−75.6	× 18 / 78	−17.4
5	1,982	2490.5	− 2502	−11.5	× 28 / 78	−4.1
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−39

2025 from sb_ca2025_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	1,954	2292.1	− 2432	−139.9	× 24 / 69	−48.7
4	1,955	2396.1	− 2473	−76.9	× 31 / 69	−34.5
5	1,956	2414.1	− 2502	−87.9	× 14 / 69	−17.8
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−101

2026 from sb_ca2026_1_csv_v1.zip

Grade	Line in file	Average score	Standard Met	Distance	Students	Weighted
3	1,934	2360.2	− 2432	−71.8	× 21 / 69	−21.9
4	1,935	2322.0	− 2473	−151	× 20 / 69	−43.8
5	1,936	2452.0	− 2502	−50	× 28 / 69	−20.3
Sum, rounded to a whole point						−86

Step 2 · The average and the normal range

Average: add the yearly results and divide by how many there are. −104, −118, −120, −97, −93, −32, −37, −39, −101, −86 → −82.7
Typical year-to-year change: how far the result moved from each year to the next, ignoring up or down. 2015→2016: 14 · 2016→2017: 2 · 2017→2018: 23 · 2018→2019: 4 · 2019→2022: 61 · 2022→2023: 5 · 2023→2024: 2 · 2024→2025: 62 · 2025→2026: 15 → average 20.9
Normal range: multiply the typical change by 2.66, then add it to the average and subtract it. 20.9 × 2.66 = 55.6. Upper limit −27.1, lower limit −138.3.

Why 2.66? It is the standard factor from quality control, the work of Walter Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. It turns "how much the result typically changes in a year" into "how far it can wander by chance alone".

Years with no result (no state tests were given in spring 2020) are skipped: the year-to-year change runs from the last year with a result to the next one.

Step 3 · Free or reduced-price meals

The share of enrolled students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. From 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25, 2025–26.